Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

CNS (Central Nervous System)

A

Processes information to and from the PNS
Includes the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

A

Carries information to and from the CNS and sensory organs
Includes neurone that connect the rest of the body to the CNS

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3
Q

Voluntary response

A

Responses produced by the body which are conscious and involve the individuals thinking time

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4
Q

Involuntary Response

A

Responses subconsciously produced by the body usually to protect it

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5
Q

Mylein Sheith

A

Insulates electrical impulses across a nerve cell, (made of Schwann cells)

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6
Q

Dendrite

A

Extensions at the (front) end of a nerve cell which connect to other nerve cells to pass electrical impulses

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7
Q

Axon

A

Where electrical impulses are transported along a nerve cell

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8
Q

Axon terminal

A

The end of a nerve cell which connects to other nerve cells to receive electrical impulses

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9
Q

Synoptic end bulb

A

The tips of the axon terminal which inflates and connects to dendrites on other cells to receive electrical impulses

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10
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

gas between the myelin sheath that help assist faster impulses and allow substances to diffuse in and out the cell

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11
Q

Schwann cells

A

A spherical organelle which helps develop and regenerate peripheral nerves

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12
Q

Reflex Arc Pathway

A

Stimuli, Receptor, Sensory Nuron, Relay Neuron (spinal cord), Motor Neuron, Effector (muscle or gland), response

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13
Q

Synapse

A

A gap between two neurons

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14
Q

How impulses pass across a synapse

A

Electrical impulses diffuse into chemical signals, they then pass through the neuron and diffuse back into electrical signals in the neuron

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15
Q

Reflex Arc

A

A faster immune response subconsciously produced by the body to protect itself (from harm)

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16
Q

Pathway of a Reflex Arc

A

Stimulus
Receptor
Sensory neuron
Relay neuron (spinal cord)
Motor neuron
Effector (muscle/gland)
Response

17
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

The space between the pre and post-synaptic cells

18
Q

Synaptic vesicle

A

Clustered at pre- synaptic cell and contain neurotransmitters which are triggered by Ca+ to release (the neurotransmitters) by exocytosis

19
Q

Action potential

A

The change in voltage of a (nerve) cell membrane during a nervous impulse

20
Q

Cannabis

A

A drug which inhibits synaptic transmission,
It does this by stimulating the release of dopamine (at abnormally higher levels)
This leads to feeling high/happy
And once this falls a persons mood is lower leading to a cycle of addiction

21
Q

Symptoms of Cannabis use

A
  • Increased heart rate
  • Dry mouth
  • Reddening of eyes
  • feeling sick
  • hallucinating
22
Q

Caffeine

A

A drug which increases synaptic transmission by triggering the release of acetylcholine (used during muscle contraction) which therefore leads to a higher heart rate

23
Q

Effects of caffeine

A
  • rising body temp.
  • frequent urination
  • anxiety
  • dehydration
  • irritability
  • trembling hands
24
Q

Prions

A

A disease caused by a misfolded protein which can transmit to other proteins and cells leading to more misfolded proteins and cellular death (and then death)

25
Q

Kuru

A

An example of a prion disease, spread through open wounds or cannibalism (of the brain)

26
Q

Symptoms of Kuru

A
  • muscle twitching
  • loss of coordination
  • arm & leg pain
  • muscle jerks
  • fits of laughing
  • not being able to swallow
27
Q

Treatments/cures of Kuru

A

There is no cure/ treatments for Kuru and most people die with a year of being diagnosed/ having it