Nervous System

Question 1

CNS (Central Nervous System)

Answer 1

Processes information to and from the PNS
Includes the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

Answer 2

Carries information to and from the CNS and sensory organs
Includes neurone that connect the rest of the body to the CNS

Question 3

Voluntary response

Answer 3

Responses produced by the body which are conscious and involve the individuals thinking time

Question 4

Involuntary Response

Answer 4

Responses subconsciously produced by the body usually to protect it

Question 5

Mylein Sheith

Answer 5

Insulates electrical impulses across a nerve cell, (made of Schwann cells)

Question 6

Dendrite

Answer 6

Extensions at the (front) end of a nerve cell which connect to other nerve cells to pass electrical impulses

Question 7

Axon

Answer 7

Where electrical impulses are transported along a nerve cell

Question 8

Axon terminal

Answer 8

The end of a nerve cell which connects to other nerve cells to receive electrical impulses

Question 9

Synoptic end bulb

Answer 9

The tips of the axon terminal which inflates and connects to dendrites on other cells to receive electrical impulses

Question 10

Node of Ranvier

Answer 10

gas between the myelin sheath that help assist faster impulses and allow substances to diffuse in and out the cell

Question 11

Schwann cells

Answer 11

A spherical organelle which helps develop and regenerate peripheral nerves

Question 12

Reflex Arc Pathway

Answer 12

Stimuli, Receptor, Sensory Nuron, Relay Neuron (spinal cord), Motor Neuron, Effector (muscle or gland), response

Question 13

Synapse

Answer 13

A gap between two neurons

Question 14

How impulses pass across a synapse

Answer 14

Electrical impulses diffuse into chemical signals, they then pass through the neuron and diffuse back into electrical signals in the neuron

Question 15

Reflex Arc

Answer 15

A faster immune response subconsciously produced by the body to protect itself (from harm)

Question 16

Pathway of a Reflex Arc

Answer 16

Stimulus
Receptor
Sensory neuron
Relay neuron (spinal cord)
Motor neuron
Effector (muscle/gland)
Response

Question 17

Synaptic cleft

Answer 17

The space between the pre and post-synaptic cells

Question 18

Synaptic vesicle

Answer 18

Clustered at pre- synaptic cell and contain neurotransmitters which are triggered by Ca+ to release (the neurotransmitters) by exocytosis

Question 19

Action potential

Answer 19

The change in voltage of a (nerve) cell membrane during a nervous impulse

Question 20

Cannabis

Answer 20

A drug which inhibits synaptic transmission,
It does this by stimulating the release of dopamine (at abnormally higher levels)
This leads to feeling high/happy
And once this falls a persons mood is lower leading to a cycle of addiction

Question 21

Symptoms of Cannabis use

Answer 21

• Increased heart rate
• Dry mouth
• Reddening of eyes
• feeling sick
• hallucinating

Question 22

Caffeine

Answer 22

A drug which increases synaptic transmission by triggering the release of acetylcholine (used during muscle contraction) which therefore leads to a higher heart rate

Question 23

Effects of caffeine

Answer 23

• rising body temp.
• frequent urination
• anxiety
• dehydration
• irritability
• trembling hands

Question 24

Prions

Answer 24

A disease caused by a misfolded protein which can transmit to other proteins and cells leading to more misfolded proteins and cellular death (and then death)

Question 25

Kuru

Answer 25

An example of a prion disease, spread through open wounds or cannibalism (of the brain)

Question 26

Symptoms of Kuru

Answer 26

• muscle twitching
• loss of coordination
• arm & leg pain
• muscle jerks
• fits of laughing
• not being able to swallow

Question 27

Treatments/cures of Kuru

Answer 27

There is no cure/ treatments for Kuru and most people die with a year of being diagnosed/ having it