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BMB Test 2 > B7-032 CBCL Visual Field Abnormalities > Flashcards

B7-032 CBCL Visual Field Abnormalities Flashcards

Supplemented wi/ info from Ninja Nerd

1
Q

the retina is divided into [2]

A

temporal hemiretina
nasal hemiretina

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2
Q

the temporal and nasal hemiretinas receive information from the […] visual field

A

contralateral

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3
Q

the right temporal hemiretina receives information from the […] visual field

A

left

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4
Q

the right nasal hemiretina receives information from the […] visual field

A

right

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5
Q

anything that comes from the left, goes to the […]

A

right

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6
Q

anything that comes from the right, goes to the […]

A

left

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7
Q

where fibers coming from the nasal hemiretina of each eye cross

A

optic chiasma

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8
Q

the optic chiasma is located immediately inferior to the

A

hypothalamus

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9
Q

every optic tract is formed by one […] fiber and one […] fiber

A

ipsilateral
contralateral

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10
Q

most fibers from the optic tract project to […] in the thalamus

A

lateral geniculate body

(some go to the pretectal nucleus)

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11
Q

ipsilateral fibers go to layers [….] of the lateral geniculate body [3]

A

2, 3, 5

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12
Q

contralateral fibers go to layers [….] of the lateral geniculate body [3]

A

1, 4, 6

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13
Q

visual information from the […] radiates through the temporal lobe (Mayer’s loop)

A

inferior retinal fibers

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14
Q

visual information from the […] radiates through the parietal lobe

A

superior retinal fibers

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15
Q

optic radiations coming from the lateral geniculate body move into […] of the occipital lobe

A

striate cortex

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16
Q

if the optic nerve from one eye gets damaged, what visual field abnormality is observed?

A

monocular blindness (anopia)

information from both visual fields of the same eye is lost

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17
Q

causes of monocular blindness [2]

A

optic neuritis
central retinal artery occlusion

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18
Q

if the optic chiasma gets damaged, information coming from […] will be lost

A

both nasal hemiretinas

visual sensation from the temporal visual fields will be lost

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19
Q

if the optic chaisma from one eye gets damaged, what visual field abnormality is observed?

A

bitemporal hemianopia

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20
Q

causes of bitemporal hemianopia [2]

A

pituitary adenoma
craniopharyngioma

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21
Q

if the ipsilateral fibers on the right eye are damaged, what visual field defect will be observed on the left?

A

information from the nasal (left) vision field will be lost

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22
Q

if the ipsilateral fibers on the left eye are damaged, what visual field defect will be observed?

A

information from the nasal (right) vision field will be lost

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23
Q

if the ipsilateral fibers on the both eyes are damaged, what visual field defect will be observed?

A

binasal hemianopia

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24
Q

causes of binasal hemianopia

A

internal carotid artery aneurism

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25
Q

if one optic tract is damaged, both […] visual fields will be lost

A

contralateral

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26
Q

if the right optic tract is damaged, what visual field defect will be observed?

A

left homonymous hemianopia

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27
Q

if the left optic tract is damaged, what visual field defect will be observed?

A

right homonymous hemianopia

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28
Q

information from the superior visual field goes to the […] hemiretina

A

inferior

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29
Q

information from the inferior visual field goes to the […] hemiretina

A

superior

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30
Q

if the right superior retinal fibers are damaged, what visual field defect will be observed?

A

left inferior quadrantanopia

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31
Q

if the left superior retinal fibers are damaged, what visual field defect will be observed?

A

right inferior quadrantanopia

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32
Q

causes of right/left inferior quadrantanopia

A

damage to parietal lobe optic radiation

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33
Q

if the right inferior retinal fibers are damaged, what visual field defect will be observed?

A

left superior quadrantanopia

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34
Q

if the left inferior retinal fibers are damaged, what visual field defect will be observed?

A

right superior quadrantanopia

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35
Q

causes of right/left superior quadrantanopia

A

middle cerebral artery occlusion

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36
Q

if the optic radiation of one side get damaged, information from the […] visual field will be lost

A

contralateral

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37
Q

blood supply to the occipital lobe [2]

A

medial cerebral artery
posterior cerebral artery

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38
Q

if there is a lesion in the PCA, the MCA can still supply the occipital lobe resulting in […]

A

contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

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39
Q

cause of contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

A

PCA occlusion

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40
Q

the part of the right eye that receives information from the right visual field is the […] hemiretina

A

nasal

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41
Q

structure formed by the crossing of fibers coming from nasal hemiretina of both eyes

A

optic chiasma

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42
Q

if a person suffer a MCA infarct damaging the left inferior retinal fibers, what area of the visual field will be affected?

A

right superior visual field

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43
Q

damage to […] will result in binasal hemianopia

A

both ipsilateral fibers

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44
Q

optic chiasm sits above the […] and below the […]

A

sella tursica
pituitary gland

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45
Q

first order neuron of visual system

A

ganglion cells

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46
Q

second order neuron of visual system

A

cell bodies of LGN

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47
Q

inferior visual fields project to the […] visual cortex

A

superior

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48
Q

superior visual fields project to the […] visual cortex

A

inferior

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49
Q

the superior and inferior visual cortices are separated by the […] fissure

A

calcharine

50
Q

the overlap between visual fields from the left and right eye is about […] degrees

A

130

51
Q

what allows for stereovision?

A

visual field overlap between the left and right eye

52
Q

images projected onto the retina are […] and […]

A

upside down
backwards

53
Q

the superior visual field is projected to the […] retina

A

inferior

54
Q

the inferior visual field is projected to the […] retina

A

superior

55
Q

corresponds to the optic nerve head where there are no photoreceptors

A

physiologic blind spot

56
Q

the center of vision corresponds to the […] of the macula

A

fovea

57
Q

left visual fields project to the […] occipital cortex

A

right

58
Q

right visual fields project to the […] occipital cortex

A

left

59
Q

the nasal retinal fibers (from temporal fields) are […]

A

crossed

60
Q

the temporal retinal fibers (from nasal fields) are […]

A

uncrossed

61
Q

visual acuity of [central/peripheral] vision is higher

A

central

(larger area of the cortex devoted to it)

62
Q

central vision goes to the […] occipital cortex

A

posterior

63
Q

peripheral vision goes to the […] occipital cortex

A

anterior

64
Q

the upper visual fields go to the […] occipital cortex

A

inferior

65
Q

the inferior visual fields go to the […] occipital cortex

A

superior

66
Q

a lesion in the optic nerve anterior to the chiasm would cause

A

monocular visual defect

(if its not a complete lesion can just have blurriness)

67
Q

a lesion in the optic chiasm would cause

A

bitemporal hemianopia

68
Q

bilateral lesions in the ipsilateral fibers would cause

A

binasal hemianopia

(rare, he mentioned a patient with bilateral carotid aneurysms)

69
Q

a retrochiasmatic lesion would cause

(can be in optic tract, visual radiations, or occipital cortex)

A

homonymous hemianopia

(will have to rely on other affected regions to localize lesion)

70
Q

a lesion in meyer’s loop the would cause

A

upper quadrantanopia

temporal lobe lesion

71
Q

the radiations for the superior visual field go through the […] lobe

A

temporal (meyer’s loop)

72
Q

the radiations for the inferior visual field go through the […] lobe

A

parietal

73
Q

a lesion in the dorsal optic radiation would cause

A

lower quadrantanopia

parietal lobe lesion

74
Q

a posterior pole of the occipital lobe is supplied by [2]

A

PCA (mostly)
MCA

75
Q

a stroke in the vessels supplying the posterior pole of the occipital lobe would cause

A

homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

76
Q

visual information from the same field of different eyes becomes co-registered the further posterior in the visual system

A

congruity

77
Q

in a patient with homonymous hemianopia, what can help localize the lesion?

A

congruity

the more anterior the lesion, the more in-congruent
the more posterior the lesion, the more congruent

78
Q

can cause complete visual loss [3]

A

chiasmal lesion
occipital lobe lesion
occlusion of basilar artery (macular sparing)

79
Q

complete visual loss with macular sparing

A

occlusion of basilar artery

80
Q

represents the smallest size that can be identified

A

visual acuity

81
Q

used to measure visual acuity

A

Snellen chart

82
Q

most common cause of visual acuity loss

A

refractive error

(allow use of corrective lenses or pinholes to evaluate visual acuity)

83
Q

test to detect subtle optic nerve lesion

A

swinging flashlight test

84
Q

normal response to swinging flashlight test

A

both pupils constrict

85
Q

pupil remains dilated in one eye despite exposure to bright light

A

afferent pupillary defect (optic neuropathy)

“Marcus Gunn pupil”

86
Q

more sensitive test of optic neuropathy than visual acuity

A

color desaturation

(color will appear darker, less saturated to affected eye)

87
Q

used to map the visual field [2]

A

visual field testing (bedside)
Humphrey fields

88
Q

what explains the presence of the physiologic blind spot?

A

optic nerve head exiting globe

there are no motor receptors here to detect incoming light

89
Q

responsible for receiving visual information from the fovea

A

posterior occipital pole

90
Q

a posterior occipital pole lesions would cause what defect?

A

defect of central vision with impaired acuity

91
Q

an anterior occipital pole lesions would cause what defect?

A

defect of peripheral vision with preserved acuity

92
Q

reduce the impact of refractive error [2]

A

corrective lenses
pinhole

93
Q

a lesion in the left temporal lobe would cause what defect?

A

right upper quadrantanopia

94
Q

a lesion in the left parietal lobe would cause what defect?

A

right lower quadrantanopia

95
Q

right afferent pupillary defect and color desaturation would indicate a […] lesion

A

right optic nerve lesion

ipsilateral

96
Q

what localization can you be certain of with presentation of homonymous hemianopsia?

A

retrochiasmatic

97
Q

central vision is served by the […] pole of the occipital

A

posterior

98
Q

peripheral vision is served by the […] pole of the occipital

A

anterior

99
Q

a mid-line lesion of the optic chiasm causes

A

bitemporal hemianopia

100
Q

lesions of the optic tract, visual radiation, and occipital lobe would cause […]

A

hemianopia

101
Q
A

:)

102
Q

with increased age there is loss of […]

A

accomodation

classic presbyopia

103
Q

pale optic disc is a finding classic of

A

chronic optic neuropathy

104
Q

the presence of an afferent pupillary defect and color desaturation indicate […]

A

optic neuropathy

105
Q

results from swelling of the optic nerve head

A

papilledema

106
Q

papilledema is commonly caused by [2]

A

increased ICP
inflammation of the anterior optic nerve

107
Q

non-congruity of the visual fields indicates a lesion where in the visual pathway?

A

more anterior

108
Q

spared peripheral vision with involved central vision indicates a lesion in the […] lobe

A

posterior occipital

109
Q

why is the occipital pole spared with infarcts?

A

anastomoses between the posterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery

110
Q

hemianopia that resolves with one eye covered demonstates

A

inconsistent visual field abnormality
(hemianopia should persist during monocular testing)

(may be a psychogenic issue)

111
Q

monocular vision problems indicate an issue […] to the optic chiasm

A

anterior

112
Q

central vision loss
spared peripheral vision

A

bilateral occipital pole lesions

113
Q

a chaism lesion would start with […] and […] that gradually worsen

A

bitemporal and hemianopias

114
Q

left superior quadrantanopia involves the […] lobe

A

temporal

115
Q

homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

A

posterior cerebral artery stroke

116
Q

is visual acuity affected in optic nerve lesions?

A

minimally

more likely to have color desaturation

117
Q

why order a head CT without contrast in the evaluation of hemorrhage?

A

contrast can appear similar to hemorrhage on CT

118
Q

hemorrhage in the brain tissue itself

A

intraparenchymal

119
Q

what lesions in the optic pathway can result in monocular vision loss? [2]

A

optic nerve
retina

120
Q

where is the lateral geniculate body located?

A

thalamus

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