Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Veterinary Pathology > Disturbances in Circulation > Flashcards

Disturbances in Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Too much blood; a lesion in which excess blood may be drawn into an area

A

hyperemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is hyperemia?

A

Too much blood; a lesion in which excess blood may be drawn into an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Usually at the __________ of the circulation

A

arterial site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

physiologic in hyperemia

A

° Post-prandial gastric
° blushing
° Stimulation of erectile tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pathologic (abnormal) hyperemia factors to consider:

A

° duration (chronic)
° extent (general, location)
° mechanism (active, passive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

patterns of hyperemia

A
  1. Acute local active – inflammatory
  2. Acute local passive – obstruction
  3. Chronic local passive – obstruction
  4. Chronic general passive – Cardio-pulmonary problem (e.g. CHF)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a long term condition wherein heart can’t pump blood well enough to give your body enough blood supply; as a result, blood and fluids collect in the lungs and leak over time

A

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Main causes of CHF

A

Coronary artery diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Two types of CHF:

A

left sided and right sided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

left ventricle of the heart no longer pumps enough around the body, then blood builds up in the pulmonary veins or the blood vessels that carry the blood away from the lungs (which causes shortness in
breathing, coughing)

A

left sided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

right ventricle is too weak to pump blood towards the lungs (which causes swelling and shortness of breathing)

A

right sided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

RBCs are present outside the blood vessel; escape of blood from the vascular system

A

hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Two processes of hemorrhage:

A

a. Hemorrhage rhexis – injured or destructed vessel
b. Hemorrhage diapedesis – rbc escaped from intact vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

injured or destructed vessel

A

hemorrhage rhexis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

rbc escaped from intact vessels

A

hemorrhage diapedesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

causes of hemorrhage

A

a. Trauma
b. Systemic damage
c. Hemorrhagic diathesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Effects of hemorrhage depend on;

A

a. location
b. volume of blood lost
c. rate of blood lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Resolution

A

Resolution and organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

tiny pinpoint, measuring 1-2 mm size foci

A

Petechiae/Petechial hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

larger areas of hemorrhage measuring 2 to 3 cm size

A

Ecchymosis/Ecchymotic hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

refers to extensive streaking with hemorrhage (like a splashed red paint on the tissue)

A

paint -brush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

usually occur on serosal or mucosal surfaces (visible but cannot be palpated)

A

Petechia, Ecchymosis, Paint-brush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

extensive hemorrhage within the tissue

A

extravasation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

can be palpated; occurrence of sufficient red cells that come out in one area to form lump (sometimes fluid/blood) Example: Auricular hematoma in Shih tzu

A

hematocyst/hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

clinical term applied to an animal that has extensive petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages on the
surface in mucousal/serosal disease; a descriptive term that does not imply specific disease

A

purpura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

nasal bleeding

A

epistaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Massive hemorrhage in the body cavity
depending on the areas affected

A

Hemoperitoneum
Hemopericardium
Hemothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

hemorrhage in the joint cavity

A

hemarthrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

coughing out of blood

A

hemoptysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

passage of blood from the alimentary tract (or digestive tract)

A

entorrhagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

passage of blood through the uterus

A

metrorrhagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

vomition of blood

A

hematemesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

externalization of red blood through the ear canal

A

otorhaggia

34
Q

skin lesion as a result of hemorrhage

A

bruise

35
Q

defecation of blood

A

hematochezia

36
Q

partial reduction of blood supply/no oxygen

A

hypoxia

37
Q

absence or complete reduction of blood supply

A

anoxia

38
Q

localized anemia or reduction of blood flow

A

ischemia

39
Q

causes of ischemia

A
  1. Compression of blood vessels
  2. Obstruction of blood vessels (Thrombosis, embolism)
  3. Functional disturbance in tissue
40
Q

Functional disturbance in tissue such as:

A

° stagnant anoxia
° anoxic anoxia
° anemic anoxia
° histotoxix anoxia

41
Q

reduction in the flow of oxygenated blood

A

stagnant anoxia

42
Q

inadequate supply of oxygenated blood

A

anoxic anoxia

43
Q

low hemoglobin content or reduced capacity of blood to carry oxygen

A

anemic anoxia

44
Q

inability of cells to utilize oxygen

A

histotoxic anoxia

45
Q

results to infarction if it lodges in organs with so called “end arteries”

A

ischemia

46
Q

organs that are affected in ischemia

A

kidneys, spleen, brain

47
Q

if ischemia is partial or gradual it would result to

A

atrophy

48
Q

if complete ischemia it would result to

A

infarction

49
Q

Refers to acute ischemic coagulation
necrosis of an area or tissue

A

infarction

50
Q

an area that is necrotized

A

infarct

51
Q

Effects of ischemia depend on

A
  1. Organ involved
  2. Degree of occlusion
  3. Collateral circulation
  4. Size of blood vessel
52
Q

Organs susceptible to infarction:

A

brain, kidney, spleen

53
Q

Resistant to infarction:

A

skeletal system, tubular organs, dual blood supply (such as liver and lungs)

54
Q

is the formation of ante-mortem clot; formation of ante-mortem intravascular blood clot

A

thrombosis

55
Q

formed blood clot. A solid structure formed in the bloodstream from the normal constituents of the blood (such as coagulation
factors, hormones)

A

thrombus

56
Q

Causes of thrombosis:

A
  1. Endothelial damage
  2. Hypercoagulability
  3. Flow of changes
57
Q

Causes of Thrombosis (Virchow’s Triad of Thrombosis)

A
  1. Changes in the rate of flow
  2. Injury to the vessel
  3. Changes in the blood
58
Q

achieved if there is only minor vascular injury through resorption of the fibrin
by fibrinolysis and neutrophil

A

Lysis and complete removal

59
Q

formed from beta globulin called plasminogen

A

plasmin

60
Q

a normal component of serum, and is activated
during stress, infection or shock, as well as being released from injured tissue

A

plasminogen

61
Q

fibrin thrombi present in capillaries

A

hyaline thrombi

62
Q

Detached thrombi in the blood vessel wall

A

embolus

63
Q

classification of thrombus based on location on blood vascular system

A

i.
Cardiac
ii.
Arterial
iii.
Venous
iv.
Lymphatics
v.
Capillary

64
Q

attached on endocardial wall

A

mural thrombi

65
Q

attached to heart valves

A

valvular thrombi

66
Q

blocks the entire circumference of the blood vessel

A

occluding thrombi

67
Q

allows partial blood flow

A

canalised thrombi

68
Q

straddle the bifurcation of blood vesse

A

saddle thrombi

69
Q

one end attached to vessel wall and the other end moving
freely

A

Obturating thrombi or trailing thromb

70
Q

contain bacteria

A

septic thrombi

71
Q

no pathogenic agent present

A

aseptic thrombi

72
Q

contains parasites

A

parasitic thrombi

73
Q

composed of all blood cell components

A

red thrombi

74
Q

composed entirely of platelets

A

pale or white thrombi

75
Q

composed of red and white thrombi

A

laminated or mixed thrombi

76
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Thrombi may cause injuries or embolism when detached from the vessel wall

A

true

77
Q

refers to a process where a solid mass (emboli) is transported from one part of the body to another
through the circulatory system

A

embolism

78
Q

Apart from fragments of thrombi, emboli may be;

A

parasites, bacteria, fungi, foreign
bodies and gas bubbles.

79
Q

a process where floating bodies (embolus/emboli) are transported in the bloodstream

A

embolism

80
Q

formation of blood clot in the free-flowing blood

A

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy

81
Q

Effects of DIC include;

A

hemorrhagic diatheses or uncontrolled bleeding tendencies

General Veterinary Pathology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions