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Bio > Chapter 6 Bone > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of bones

A

support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, and triglyceride storage

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2
Q

where is red and yellow marrow found

A

red marrow is found in most bones
yellow marrow is found in the shaft of long bones

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3
Q

what is bone

A

a connective tissue with living cells and collagen fibers hardened by calcium salts

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4
Q

what are osteoblasts

A

cells that secrete collagen fibers, proteins and carbohydrates

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5
Q

how does osteoblasts become an osteocyte

A

when it is surrounded by the matrix it makes

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6
Q

what is lacunae

A

pockets where osteocytes reside

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7
Q

what are bones surrounded by

A

a sturdy membrane called the periosteum

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8
Q

what are the two kinds of bone tissue

A

compact bone and spongy bone

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9
Q

compact bone

A

denser, smoother bone of matrix found on the outside layer of all bone as well as the shaft of long bones, forms the shaft and the outer portion of its ends

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10
Q

spongy bone

A

tissue located inside the shaft of long bones, more porous so it’s a lot lighter, has a lot more spaces in the matrix, is for lightness, is where red marrow is found

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11
Q

what is an osteon

A

unit of compact bone

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12
Q

flat bones

A

flat, thin

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13
Q

long bones

A

the longest and strongest but not always big

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14
Q

short bones

A

tend to be square

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15
Q

irregular bones

A

hips, vertebrae

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16
Q

sesamoid bones

A

looks like a sesame seed, tear dropped and kind of flat like your patella, tiny bones in tendons and ligaments

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17
Q

anatomy of a flat bone

A

periosteum, thin layer of compact bone, spongy bone, and then a second layer of compact bone, with the other periosteum on the inner layer
ex: most skull bones

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18
Q

what is an irregular joint

A

suture where the joint cannot move

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19
Q

diaphysis

A

main shaft of a bone

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20
Q

epiphysis

A

found at the proximal and distal ends - formed from a secondary growth

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21
Q

metaphysis

A

area between the diaphysis and epiphyses - contains the epiphyseal plates (growth plates)

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22
Q

articular cartilage

A

what remains of the original cartilage mod laid down during fetal development

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23
Q

periosteum

A

covers the exterior of all bones except where there is articular cartilage

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24
Q

medullary cavity

A

hollow and filled with red marrow as a small child and yellow marrow as an adult

25
Q

endosteum

A

similar to periosteum, but it is found on the inside of the cavity

26
Q

nutrient artery

A

provides blood for long bones

27
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

place where the original cartilage model of the bone is slowly replaced with bone tissue

28
Q

what does, bone tissue being constantly “remodeled” mean

A

minerals are deposited by osteoblasts and withdrawn by osteoclasts

29
Q

how many bones does an average human have

A

206

30
Q

what are the two major divisions of bone

A

axial and appendicular skeleton

31
Q

what are bones attached to other bones by

A

ligaments

32
Q

what are bones connected to muscles by

A

tendons

33
Q

what is part of the axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

34
Q

what does the skull consist of

A

more than 2 dozen bones

35
Q

how many bones does the cranial vault have

A

8

36
Q

frontal bone

A

makes up the forehead and contains the sinuses

37
Q

temporal bones

A

form the lower sides of the cranium and surround the ear canals

38
Q

sphenoid bone

A

form the eye socket

39
Q

ethmoid bone

A

form the eye socket

40
Q

vertebral column

A

backbone, extends from the base of the skull to the hipbones

41
Q

vertebrae

A

a cavity where the spinal cord extends through

42
Q

how many vertebrae does a human have

A

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumber, plus a sacrum formed of 5 fused vertebrae and a coccyx of 4 fused vertebrae

43
Q

intervertebral disks

A

serve as shock absorbers

44
Q

what do the ribs and sternum do

A

support and help protect internal organs

45
Q

ribs

A

12 pairs
attached to the vertebrae dorsally and serve as a scaffolding for the upper body torso
most of the ribs are attached to the sternum ventrally

46
Q

what does the appendicular skeleton consist of

A

all bones lateral to the axial skeleton
includes arms, legs, and all bones associated with them for support and muscle connection

47
Q

osteoporosis

A

decreased bone density
decreases in osteoblast activity, sex hormone production, exercise, and calcium uptake

48
Q

what are the 4 types of bones

A

long, short, flat, and irregular

49
Q

what is bone marrow

A

what fills the cavities of bones

50
Q

where can red marrow be found

A

confined to the ends

51
Q

where can yellow marrow be found

A

fills the shaft portion

52
Q

what are irregular and flat bones completely filled with

A

red bone marrow responsible for blood cell formation

53
Q

osteoarthritis

A

cartilage at the end of the bone degenerates

54
Q

tendinitis

A

the inflammation of tendons and synovial membranes around joints

55
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

inflammation of the tendons in the space between a wrist ligament and the carpal bones

56
Q

simple fracture

A

a crack in the bone

57
Q

complete fracture

A

separates the bone into two pieces which much be quickly realigned for proper healing

58
Q

compound fracture

A

multiple breaks with the possibility of bone fragments penetrating the surrounding tissues

Bio (24 decks)

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