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Psychology 101 > Chapter 5: Sensation & Perception > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Sensation & Perception Flashcards

1
Q

bottom-up processing

A

stimuli –> nerve impulse –> brain regions

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2
Q

strabismus

A

no natural coordination of eyes

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3
Q

binocular cues

A

retinal disparity between eyes, closer objects require convergence from muscles

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4
Q

gestalt principles

A

humans are hardwired to create meaning out of sensation

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5
Q

perception

A

recognition+identification of a sensory stimulus, inferring meaning

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6
Q

top-down processing

A

perception processes led by cognitive processes

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7
Q

hemi-neglect

A

ignore completely one side of visual field
due to damage of where pathway

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8
Q

what pathway (ventral stream)

A

occipital to temporal cortex

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9
Q

place theory

A

different frequencies activate different regions on basilar membrane

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10
Q

prosopagnosia

A

inability to identify and remember faces

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11
Q

association areas

A

links sensory info with language comprehension

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12
Q

figure-ground

A

objects either are perceived in the background or foreground

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13
Q

ageusia

A

inability to taste, head trauma

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14
Q

proximity

A

visual stimuli near one another tend to be grouped

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15
Q

shading

A

gradations of darkness on the surface of a real object or on a depiction of an object, providing a depth cue.

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16
Q

gate control theory of pain

A

patterns of neural activity create gain preventing message from reaching areas where they’d be perceived as pain

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17
Q

where pathway (dorsal stream)

A

occipital to parietal lobe

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18
Q

visual agnosia

A

damage to what pathway, describe objects but not identify them, can not discriminate b/w similar things

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19
Q

trichromatic theory

A

3 different sensors for each colour corresponding to different wavelengths

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20
Q

closure

A

tend to fill in small gaps in objects

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21
Q

sensory adaptation

A

repeated exposure to same stimuli brings decreased response

22
Q

tonotopic map

A

information from specific parts of cochlea mapped to specific parts of cortex

23
Q

amblyopia

A

untreated strabismus which results in blindness in one eye

24
Q

opponent process theory

A

colour pairs work to inhibit one another

25
Q

perceptual constancies

A

top-down tendency to view objects as unchanging despite shifts in stimuli

26
Q

familiar size

A

assume similar objects=similar size

27
Q

cingulotomy

A

destruction of cingulate cortex, help with chronic pain

28
Q

elevation

A

higher an object is in the visual plane is seen as further away

29
Q

ataxia

A

impaired coordination

30
Q

sensation

A

act of using sensory systems to detect environmental stimuli and transmission of this info to brain

31
Q

visual angle

A

object size/distance, the further the object the less it subtends the retina

32
Q

ansomia

A

inability to smell

33
Q

similarity

A

stimuli resembling one another tend to be grouped

34
Q

relative size

A

if 2 objects same size, one seems smaller if it is farther away

35
Q

familial dysautonomia

A

inability to detect pain/temp, can regain

36
Q

cones

A

6 millon, cover entire fovea area, colour, sharpness

37
Q

phantom limb sensation

A

sensations/hallucinations coming from amputated limbs

38
Q

good form

A

stimuli forming a shape tend to be grouped

39
Q

Touch (organs)

A

free nerve endings, meissner’s corpuscles, Merkel’s discs, Ruffini’s end, pacinian corpuscles

40
Q

texture gradient

A

we see more detail when things are close

41
Q

frequency theory

A

different frequencies converted to different rates of action potential in ear

42
Q

rods

A

100 million, highly sensitive to light, night vision

43
Q

sensory transduction

A

converting stimuli into neural impulses

44
Q

absolute threshold

A

minimal stimulus necessary for detection

45
Q

difference threshold

A

smallest difference b/w stimuli we can detect

46
Q

linear perspective

A

parallel seem to converge in the distance

47
Q

interposition

A

an object blocked by another is seen as further away

48
Q

continuity

A

stimuli along same plane tend to be grouped

49
Q

size constancy

A

refers to our assumption that
size is a constant and that if an object changes its visual angle on the retina, it is the distance
that changed, not the size of the object

50
Q

Size illusions

A

where when the visual angle is
the same on both lines, but the distance cues convince us that one is closer and the other is
farther –> the further one must be bigger

Psychology 101 (11 decks)

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