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Psychology 101 > Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders and their treatments > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders and their treatments Flashcards

1
Q

abnormal psychology

A

the scientific study of psychological disorders
deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger

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2
Q

diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders

A

leading classification system for psychological disorders in the USA

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3
Q

DSM-V-TR

A

latest version of the DSM

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4
Q

diagnosis

A

clinician’s determination that a person’s cluster of symptoms represent a particular disorder

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5
Q

comorbidity

A

condition in which a person’s symptoms qualify them for 2+ diagnoses

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6
Q

clinical interviews

A

assessment techniques involving a face to face encounter b/w the clinical and person being tested

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7
Q

analog observation

A

observation in an artificial laboratory or clinical office

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8
Q

naturalistic observation

A

observation of individuals in everyday settings

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9
Q

self-monitoring

A

when individuals monitor their own symptoms

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10
Q

clinical tests

A

devices for gathering information about a person’s psychological functioning

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11
Q

therapy

A

procedures designed to change abnormal functioning to more normal functioning

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12
Q

psychotropic drugs

A

psychoactive drug taken to exert an effect on the chemical makeup of the brain and nervous system. Thus, these medications are used to treat mental illnesses

medications that act primarily on the brain

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13
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

use of electric shock to trigger a brain seizure in hopes of relieving abnormal functioning

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14
Q

psychosurgery

A

brain surgery often used in hopes of releiving abnormal functioning

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15
Q

trephining

A

prehistoric practice of chipping hole in the skull of a person who was behaving strangely with idea of letting the demons out

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16
Q

lobotomy

A

surgical practice of cutting the connection b/w frontal lobe and lower centres of the brain

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17
Q

free association

A

allowing clients to freely talk about whatever they want

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18
Q

resistance

A

when clients encounter a block in their free association or change the subject so as to avoid a potentially painful situation

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19
Q

transference

A

process through which clients act and feel towards the therapist as they did towards important figures in childhood

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20
Q

catharsis

A

reliving of past repressed feelings ad means of settling internal conflicts and overcoming problems

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21
Q

altered state

A

drugs, alcohol

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22
Q

freud

A

looking for forbidden impulses, traumas, repression

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23
Q

alder

A

feelings of inferiority

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24
Q

Horney and Sullivan

A

interpersonal relations and gender differences

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25
Q

aversion therapy

A

form of classical conditioning that helps clients to acquire anxiety responses to stimuli that the clients have been finding too attractive

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26
Q

token economy

A

form of operant conditioning in which participants receive tokens when they display desired behaviours

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27
Q

social skills training

A

modelling where therapists serve as models and teachers to help clients acquire desired social behaviours

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28
Q

basic irrational assumptions

A

maladaptive assumptions about oneself’s and one’s world that increase the likelihood of psychological dtysfunctioning

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29
Q

automatic thoughts

A

specific upsetting thoughts that occur unbidden

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30
Q

cognitive triad

A

combination of negative thoughts about one’s self, the world, and the future that has been linked to depression

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31
Q

rational-emotive therapy

A

Albert ellis, helps clients discover and change the irrational assumptions that govern their emotions, behaviours and thinking

32
Q

cognitive therapy

A

Aaron beck, help clients recognize and change their dysfunctional thoughts and ways of thinking

33
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

therapist’s full and warm acceptance for a client

34
Q

conditions of worth

A

perception that persons must meet certain standards in order to gain the love of their parents or other important figures

35
Q

client-centered therapy

A

help clients experience unconditional positive regard and look at themselves honestly and acceptingly

36
Q

individual therapy

A

the oldest of the modern psychotherapy formats in which therapists see clients alone

37
Q

group therapy

A

several clients, similar problems, one therapist same time

38
Q

self-help group

A

group w/ similar problems that come together to help and support one another without direct leadership of clinical

39
Q

family therapy

A

therapists meet w/ all members of family to change whole family

40
Q

family systems theory

A

each family has its own implicit rules, relationship structures and communication patterns that shape the behaviour of individuals

41
Q

couples therapy

A

2 ppl in long term relationship

42
Q

community mental health treatments

A

treatment programs that emphasize community care, including an emphasis on prevention

43
Q

therapy outcome studies

A

research that looks at the effects of various treatments

44
Q

culture-sensitive therapies

A

focus largely on unique uses faced by members of a minority group

45
Q

gender-sensitive therapies

A

renters on the special pressures of being a woman in western society

46
Q

dreams

A

succession of images, ideas, emotions and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in certain stages of sleep

47
Q

manifest content

A

dreams as experienced, uses symbols to express latent content, combines with day residues

48
Q

secondary elaboration

A

the dream as remembered includes attempts to put it in a logical framework

49
Q
A
50
Q

Agoraphobia

A

People avoid pubic spaces or situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable should panic symptoms develop

51
Q

Obsessions

A

Persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses or images that seem to invade a person’s consciousness

52
Q

Compulsions

A

Repetitive and rigid behaviours or mental acts that people feel compelled to perform. In order to prevent or reduce anxiety

53
Q

Acute stress disorder

A

An anxiety disorder in which fear and related symptoms are experienced soon after a traumatic event and last less than a month

54
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A mental disorder characterized by disorganized thoughts, lack of contact with reality, and sometimes hallucinations

55
Q

Psychosis

A

Loss of contact with reality

56
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Schizophrenia symptoms that seem to represent pathological excesses in behaviour, including delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, hallucinations, and inappropriate affect

57
Q

Delusions

A

Blatantly false beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence to the contrary

58
Q

Loose association or derailment

A

A common thought disorder of schizophrenia characterized by rapid shifts from one topic to another

59
Q

Hallucinations

A

Imagined sights, sounds, or other sensory events experienced as if they were real

60
Q

Negative symptoms

A

Schizophrenia, symptoms that reflect pathological deficits, including poverty of speech, flat affect, loss of volition, and social withdrawal

61
Q

Catatonia

A

Extreme psychomotor symptoms of schizophrenia, including catatonic stupor, catatonic rigidity, and catatonic posturing

62
Q

Antipsychotic drugs

A

Medications that help remove the symptoms of schziophrenia

63
Q

Somatoform disorder

A

A pattern of physical complaints with largely psychosocial causes, types include conversion disorder, somatization disorder, pain disorders associated with psychological factors, hypochondriasis, and body dysmorphic disorder

64
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Client and therapist use words and acts to overcome the clinet’s pscyhological difficulties

65
Q

Biological therapy

A

Use of physical and chemical procedures to overcome psychological disorders

66
Q

Psychotropic drugs

A

Drugs that act primarily on the brain

67
Q

Anti anxiety drugs

A

Psychotropic drugs that reduce tension and anxiety

68
Q

Antidepressant drugs

A

Psychotropic durgs that lift the mood of depressed people

69
Q

Mood stabilizer drugs

A

Psychotropic drugs that help stabilize the mood of people suffering from bipolar disorder

70
Q

Antipsychotic drugs

A

Psychotropic drugs that help correct grossly confused or distorted thinking

71
Q

Vagus nerve stimulation

A

A procedure in which an implanted device sends electrical signals to the brain through the vagus nerve, used to treat sever depression

72
Q

Transcranial magnetic stimulation:

A

a procedure in which an electromagnetic. Coil placed on or above a person’s head sends a current into the prefrontal cortex, used to treat severe depression

73
Q

Deep brain stimulation

A

A procedure in which implanted electrodes deliver constant low stimulation to a small area of the brain, used to treat severe depression, Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy

74
Q

Relational psychoanalytic therapy

A

A school of psychodynamic therapy that holds that therapists should form more equal relationships with their clients

75
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

A disorder characterized by a depressed mood that is significantly disabling and is not caused by such factors as drugs or a general medical condition

76
Q

Dysfunction assumptions

A

hold silent assumptions that imply they are in imminent danger

Psychology 101 (11 decks)

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