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exam2 nrs 202 > Immune Deficiency Disorders > Flashcards

Immune Deficiency Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

the body’s specific protective response to invading foreign agents

A

Immunity

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2
Q

Where do T and B cells maturate from?

A

Bone marrow

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3
Q

Where is lymphoid tissue found?

A

Spleen and lymph nodes

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4
Q

What are the functions of the immune system?

A

Remove foreign antigens like viruses and bacteria
Maintain homeostasis

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5
Q

What are the components of the immune system?

A

Bone marrow and lymphoid tissue

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6
Q

A nonspecific immune response to any foreign invader that provokes an inflammatory response and release of cell mediators like histamine and bradykinin

A

natural immunity

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7
Q

A specific reaction against a foreign antigen that can be active or passive

A

acquired immunity

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8
Q

Type of acquired immunity that is developed by the person’s own body after exposure to the antigen

A

Active

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9
Q

Type of temporary immunity that is transferred from a source outside of the body

A

Passive

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10
Q

Examples of passive immunity

A

Breastfeeding or immunization

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11
Q

What are the s/s of a primary immune deficiency disorder?

A

The body is unable to develop normal immune responses
Failure to thrive
Unusual infections

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12
Q

What does PIDD mean?

A

Primary immune deficiency disorders

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13
Q

How are PIDDs managed?

A

Meticulous infection control/hand hygiene
Monitor for early signs of infections
Teach pt and caregivers to give meds at home

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14
Q

What medications are given for PIDDs?

A

IVIG and SCIG to replace and provide functional antibodies

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15
Q

What cells does HIV target?

A

Cells with CD4 receptors such T lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, and brain microglia

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16
Q

What body fluids are capable of transmitting HIV?

A

Blood and blood products
Seminal fluid
Vaginal secretions
Mother to child - amniotic fluid and breast milk

17
Q

Bleach can be used to clean dirty needles and syringes to prevent HIV transmission? True or False

A

True

18
Q

How can HIV transmission be avoided?

A

Condoms (latex)
Be aware of status
Safe needle use
Artificial insemination
Refraining from breastfeeding
Antiretroviral therapy

19
Q

Antiretroviral medications should be started within how many hours of HIV expsoure?

A

72 hrs

20
Q

What is the treatment for post HIV exposure in healthcare workers?

A

2-3 drugs for 28 days

21
Q

How often should post HIV exposure testing occur?

A

6 weeks
12 weeks
6 months

22
Q

What are the 5 stages of HIV?

A

0, 1, 2, 3, unknown

23
Q

What stages of HIV are based on the CD4 count?

A

1, 2, 3

24
Q

Earliest stage of HIV infection that is inferred from lab testing

A

Stage 0

25
Q

Stage of HIV known as ‘primary’ or ‘acute’

A

Stage 1

26
Q

Stage of HIV characterized by the period of infection to the development of HIV-specific antibodies with a dramatic drop of CD4 cells 500-1500

A

Stage 1

27
Q

Stage of HIV with CD4 counts 500-1500

A

Stage 1

28
Q

Stage of HIV where CD4 counts are 200-499

A

Stage 2

29
Q

Stage of HIV where CD4 count drops below 200 and patient is now considered to have AIDS

A

Stage 3

30
Q

Stage of HIV in which there is no information on CD4 count or percentage

A

Unknown stage

31
Q

Which stage of HIV is typically asymptomatic or may exhibit early stages of a skin rash or fatigue?

A

Stage 1

32
Q

Describe various manifestations of HIV

A

**night sweats, weight loss, mouth ulcers
Respiratory infections
GI - loss of appetite, candidiasis, wasting syndrome
Cancers - kaposi sarcoma, lymphomas
Neuro - depression, apathy
Integumentary - herpes, dermatitis
Gynecologic- ulcers, candidiasis, PID, menstrual abnormalities

33
Q

ART =

A

Antiretroviral therapy

34
Q

What are the goals of ART?

A

Suppress HIV replication
Reduce morbidity and mortality
Restore and preserve immune function
Suppress viral load
Prevent transmission

35
Q

What are some ART side effects?

A

Hepatotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Osteopenia
Fat deposits
Increased risk of CVD
Insulin resistance

36
Q

What are some goals for the PWLHA?

A

Improved nutrition status - mouth sores, fatigue
Increased socialization and expression of grief
Increased knowledge of disease and transmission
Avoid complications

37
Q

How is HIV/AIDS managed?

A
  1. Improve nutrition - monitor dietary intake, weight, serum albumin, supplements
  2. Decrease isolation - assess social interaction, identify resources, observe for isolating behaviors
  3. Assist with grief coping
  4. Improve knowledge of transmission
  5. Monitor and manage complications - medication s/e, HAND, body image changes
38
Q

What is HAND?

A

HIV Associated Neuro Disorders such as encephalopathy

39
Q

How is HAND treated?

A

By switching ART

exam2 nrs 202 (7 decks)

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