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exam2 nrs 202 > Endocrine Disorders > Flashcards

Endocrine Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperactivity of the anterior pituitary gland is associated w what disorder?

A

Cushing’s syndrome

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2
Q

Hyper activity of the posterior pituitary gland is associated w what disorder?

A

SIADH

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3
Q

Hypo activity of the posterior pituitary gland is associated w what disorder?

A

Diabetes insipidus

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4
Q

What is secreted from the thyroid gland in response to high plasma calcium levels?

A

Calcitonin

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5
Q

Calcitonin is secreted from the thyroid in response to what?

A

high plasma calcium levels

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6
Q

Calcitonin increase calcium deposits in what?

A

Bone

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7
Q

Parathormone does what to calcium?

A

increases it by absorbing it from the kidneys, intestine, and bones

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8
Q

What is tested by sharply tapping on the cheek?

A

Chvostek sign

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9
Q

What is induced by occluding the blood flow to the arm for 3 minutes with a blood pressure cuff?

A

Trousseau sign

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9
Q

What are the s/s of hyperparathyroidism?

A

asymptomatic
apathy
fatigue
muscle weakness
N/V/constipation
Hypertension
Dysrhythmias

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10
Q

How is hyperparathyroidism managed?

A

Surgical removal
Hydration therapy - 2000 ml or more daily
Maintain mobility
Restrict calcium

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11
Q

Causes of hypoparathyroidism

A

abnormal development
destruction of glands
vit D deficiency

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12
Q

What are s/s of hypoparathyroidism?

A

Tetany
Numbness
Tingling in extremities
Stiffness of hands and feet
Bronchospasm
Laryngeal spasm
Carpopedal spasm
Anxiety
Irritability
Depression
Delirium
ECG changes

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13
Q

How is hypoparathyroidism managed?

A

Increase calcium level to 9-10
Give IV calcium gluconate
Pentobarbital to decrease neuromuscular irritability
Admin parathormone
Quiet environment
Diet high in calcium and low phosphorus
Vit D

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14
Q

What does a hypercalcemic crisis result in?

A

neurologic, cardiovascular, and kidney symptoms that can be life threatening

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15
Q

How is a hypercalcemic crisis managed?

A

Rapid rehydration with large volumes of isotonic saline
Admin calcitonin and corticosteroids to increase calcium absorption into bone

16
Q

Disease caused by adrenal suppression by exogenous steroid use

A

Addison’s disease

17
Q

S/s of Addison’s disease

A

muscle weakness
anorexia
GI distress
fatigue
dark pigmentation of skin and mucosa
hypotension
low blood glucose
low serum sodium**
high serum potassium**
apathy
emotional liability

18
Q

What diagnostic tests are used for Addison’s disease?

A

adrenocortical hormone levels, ACTH levels, ACTH stimulation test

19
Q

What is the most common cause of Addison’s disease?

A

corticosteroid use

20
Q

Does Addison’s cause elevated WBCs?

A

Yes

21
Q

Does Addison’s cause hypoglycemia?

A

Yes

22
Q

How is Addison’s disease assessed?

A

Note any illness or stressors that precipitate problems
F&E status
VS and orthostatic BP
Weight changes
Muscle weakness and fatigue
Medications
Monitor s/s of Addisonian crisis

23
Q

How is Addison’s disease managed?

A

Place patient in recumbent position with legs elevated**
Monitor s/s fluid volume deficit
Encourage intake of fluids and high sodium foods
Admin hormone replacement as ordered
Avoid stress and activity until stable
Total care when pt is in crisis**
Hydrocortisone followed by 5% dextrose in NS
Vasopressors

24
Q

Immediate treatment of Addison’s disease is directed toward combating what?

A

circulatory shock

25
Q

What position should a patient with Addison’s disease be placed in?

A

Recumbent position with legs elevated

26
Q

What will the patient need if adrenal function is not regained?

A

Lifelong replacement of corticosteroids and mineralocorticoids
Patient or family member must administer hormone replacement

27
Q

What is very important about steroid replacement treatment?

A

Same time every time
No skipping doses

28
Q

Disorder characterized by excessive adrenocortical activity or corticosteroid medications

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

29
Q

What are s/s of Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Hyperglycemia
Central obesity with buffalo hump
Think trunk w thin extremities
Osteoporosis
Acne
Moon face from steroid use
Slow healing
Increased serum sodium**
Decreased serum potassium**

30
Q

What test is used to diagnose Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Dexamethasone suppression test

31
Q

How is Cushing’s syndrome managed?

A

Maintain CO
Decrease risk of injury and infection
Promote skin integrity
Improve body image
Improve coping
Monitor for complication like Addisonian crisis

32
Q

What medication blocks synthesis of thyroid hormone?

A

Methimazole

exam2 nrs 202 (7 decks)

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