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Biochem exam 3 > Cell Adhesion > Flashcards

Cell Adhesion Flashcards

1
Q

What are occluding junctions?

A

tight junctions
-seal gap between epithelial cell
-allow things to go through the cell and not around

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2
Q

What are adherens junctions?

A

cell junctions that connects the actin filament bundle in one cell with that of the next cell

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3
Q

What are desmosomes?

A

cell junctions that connect keratin intermediate filaments in one cell to those in the next cell

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4
Q

What are gap junctions?

A

cell junctions that allow the passage of small water soluble molecules from cell to cell

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5
Q

What are hemidesmosomes?

A

cell junctions that anchor intermediate filaments in a cell to the extra cellular matrix

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6
Q

What are actin linked cell-matrix adhesions? (focal adhesions)

A

cell junctions that anchor actin filament in cell to extracellular matrix

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7
Q

What is the first principle of adhesion?

A

cells define their capacity for adhesive interactions by selectively expressing plasma membrane receptors
-limited ligand binding activity
-can influence gene expression

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8
Q

What is the second principle of adhesion?

A

many adhesion proteins bind one main ligand, and many ligands bind a single type of receptor
-however, this is not a hard and fast rule
-integrin family of receptors bind to more than one ligand

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9
Q

What do cadherins normally bind to?

A

they normally bind to other cadherins on neighboring cells
-this creates a cell to cell interaction
-homophilic interaction
-requires calcium

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10
Q

What is it called when two unlike receptors interact with one another?

A

heterophilic interaction

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11
Q

What do selectins bind to?

A

anionic polysaccharides
-bind two different types of cells together

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12
Q

why do integrins stand apart from other CAMs?

A

b/c they bind to a variety of ligands

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13
Q

What is the transmembrane protein involved with adherens junctions?

A

cadherins (classic)

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14
Q

What is the transmembrane protein involved with desmosomes?

A

cadherins
-desmoglein and desmocollin

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15
Q

What transmembrane protein is involved in focal adhesions?

A

integrin

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16
Q

What transmembrane protein is involved in hemidesmosomes?

A

integrin alpha6beta4 and type XVII collagen

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17
Q

What type of filament are adherens junctions associated with?

A

actin

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18
Q

What type of filament are desmosomes associated with?

A

intermediate filaments

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19
Q

What type of filament are focal adhesions associated with?

A

actin

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20
Q

What type of filament are hemidesmosomes associated with?

A

intermediate filaments

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21
Q

What allow the transmembrane proteins to associate with the cytoskeletal filaments?

A

intracellular anchor proteins

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22
Q

What is the third principle of adhesion?

A

cells modulate adhesion by controlling the surface density, state of aggregation, and state of activation of their adhesions receptors

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23
Q

What is an example of surface density affecting the expression of transmembrane receptors?

A

P-selectin is made all the time by endothelial cells and are stored in intracellular compartments
-when inflammation occurs, the P-selectins are brought to the cell surface

24
Q

What does calcium do to cadherins?

A

make them more rigid and allow them to bind to cadherins on neighboring cells

25
Q

What are the intracellular proteins that allow cadherins to bind to the cytoskeletal elements?

A

catenins

26
Q

what is the interesting property of cadherins?

A

they have the ability to sort cells according to type and level of cadherins they express

27
Q

What is the fourth principle of adhesion?

A

the rates of ligand binding and dissociation are important determinants of cellular adhesion

28
Q

Do ligands bind tightly to receptors?

A

no not really
-allow association and dissociation
-they can be but not always

29
Q

What is adivity?

A

the strength of the interaction between ligand and receptor

30
Q

What is the fifth principle of adhesion?

A

many adhesion receptors interact with cytoskeleton inside the cell

31
Q

What is the sixth principle of adhesion?

A

association of ligands with adhesion receptors can activate intracellular signal transduction pathways, leading to changes in gene expression, cellular differentiation, secretion, motility, receptor activation, and cell division

32
Q

Extracellular structure of cadherins:

A

5 cadherin repeats and calcium binds between the cadherins

33
Q

what are the two types of integrin-related junctions?

A

focal adhesions and hemidesmosomes

34
Q

are focal adhesions permanent?

A

no- they have a dynamic assembly and disassembly

35
Q

Intracellular anchoring proteins of focal adhesions:

A

talin and vinculin

36
Q

What is an adhesion plaque?

A

spot on the cell membrane where many activated integrin dimers are located

37
Q

How do focal adhesions change gene expression?

A

where there is stress on these fibers, the actomyosin (cytoskeletal interaction) gets tugged and can move the nucleus and the contents

38
Q

What intracellular anchoring proteins are hemidesmosomes interacting with?

A

plectin and dystonin

39
Q

where are hemidesmosomes normally found?

A

basal surface of epithelial cells

40
Q

role of hemidesmosomes

A

increase the overall rigidity of epithelial tissues

41
Q

Why is the basal lamina important in the kidneys?

A

act as a molecular filter
-determine which molecules will pass into urine from blood

42
Q

Why is the basal lamina important in the skin?

A

attach epidermis to dermis

43
Q

Why is the basal lamina important in the oral mucosa?

A

critical for attaching epithelium to lamina propria

44
Q

Why is the basement membrane important in tooth development?

A

separate ameloblasts and odontoblasts

45
Q

What is it called when you have a deficiency in GpIIb-IIIa complex?

A

Glanzmann thrombasthenia

46
Q

what is it called when you have a deficiency in GpIb?

A

von Willebrand disease

47
Q

what does von Willebrand factor bind to on platelets?

A

GpIb

48
Q

what binds fibrinogen during platelet adhesion?

A

GpIIb-IIIa complex

49
Q

What does P-cadherin do in embryogenesis?

A

allows the implantation of the embryo to the wall of the uterus

50
Q

What do N-cadherins do during embryogenesis?

A

have an important role in determine right and left asymmetry
-also role in determining neural development

51
Q

What do P-selectins do when activated?

A

allow the leukocytes circulating to slow down and bind and eventually allow them to move between cells -transendothelial migration
-extravagation

52
Q

Mutations in integrins, or things that are involved with activating integrins can cause what?

A

leukocyte adhesion deficiencies
-first symptom can be periodontal disease

53
Q

What do disintegrins do?

A

cause dissociation of cells from the extracellular matrix

54
Q

What are RGD sequences?

A

known sequences that bind to integrins and competitively bind and cause the dissociation of cell from extracellular matrix

55
Q

What are ADAMs?

A

de-adhesion factors that catalyze the shedding of transmembrane proteins

Biochem exam 3 (10 decks)

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