Anti-Arrhythmics

Question 1

what is the most common atrial arrhythmia that we use antiarrythmics for?

Answer 1

atrial fibrillation

Question 2

what does inappropriate rate/timing of cardiac muscle contraction lead to?

Answer 2

decreased CO

Question 3

where do most anti-arrhythmic drugs work?

Answer 3

on channels in cell membrane

Question 4

what phase do Na+ channel blockers work on? what class is of drug is this?

Answer 4

phase 0 = depolarization
class 1

Question 5

what class of drug antagonizes sympathetic input to pacemaker cells, decrease SAN and ectopic automaticity and prolongs refractory period of the AVN?

Answer 5

Class 2

Question 6

what are class 2 drugs known as?

Answer 6

Beta Blockers

Question 7

what do class 2 drugs do?

Answer 7

decrease ventricular responsiveness to atrial tachyarrhythmias

Question 8

what are class 3 drugs known as?

Answer 8

K channel blockers

Question 9

what do class 3 drugs do?

Answer 9

keep K inside cell
prolong repolarization

Question 10

what phase does repolarization take place?

Answer 10

3

Question 11

what phase does Ca influx take place?

Answer 11

phase 2

Question 12

what are the class 4 drugs known as?

Answer 12

Ca channel blockers

Question 13

what do class 4 drugs do?

Answer 13

slow AVN conduction

Question 14

what is a drug that is a multi-channel blocker?

Answer 14

vernakalant

Question 15

what do fast AP depend on?

Answer 15

Na channels

Question 16

what do slow AP depend on?

Answer 16

Ca channels

Question 17

where are Na channels found? (3)

Answer 17

his/perkinje
atrial myocytes
ventricular myocytes

Question 18

where are Ca channels found? (2)

Answer 18

SA node
AV node

Question 19

what type of arrhythmia are Ca channel blockers good for?

Answer 19

atrial fibrillation

Question 20

what type of arrhythmias are Na channel blockers good for?

Answer 20

ventricular arrhythmias

Question 21

what do many AAD do to the QT interval?

Answer 21

increase

Question 22

what does an increased QT interval predispose a patient to?

Answer 22

torsades de pointes

Question 23

polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

Answer 23

torsades de pointes

Question 24

multiple foci of reentrant pathways that cause rapid and disorganized atrial depolarization that are blocked to various degrees at the AV node

Answer 24

atrial fibrillation

Question 25

a patient that presents with palpitations, SOB, dizziness, a slow ventricular response, and ventricular rate of 120-180 bpm
only a small number of conductions are transmitted through the AV node

Answer 25

atrial fibrillation

Question 26

what are the AV node blockers that I should use for atrial fibrillation?

Answer 26

CCBs
BB
digoxin
amiodarone

Question 27

on which patients should we prioritize rate control?

Answer 27

elderly