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ELM2 - clinical pharmacology > lecture 10 - calcium channel blockers > Flashcards

lecture 10 - calcium channel blockers Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of selectivity of calcium channel blocker?

A

Vasoselective, Cardioselective

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2
Q

What is a common example of a vasoselective calcium channel blocker?

A

Amlodipine

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3
Q

What is an exampple of a cardioselective calcium channel blocker?

A

Diltiazem

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4
Q

What type of channel is antagonised by calcium channel blockers?

A

L-type calcium channels

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5
Q

Where are L-type calcium channels found?

A

In cardiac and vascular smooth muscle

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6
Q

What is the affect of vasoselective calcium channel blockers on blood vessels?

A

Prevent Ca2+ entry into vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation

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7
Q

What are the effects of cardioselective calcium channel blockers on the heart?

A

negative inotrope, negative chronotrope, negative dromotrope

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8
Q

What is the key indication for dihydropyridine/vasoselective calcium channel blockers?

A

hypertension

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9
Q

Which calcium channel blocker is indicated for arrhythmias?

A

Diltiazem

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10
Q

Which calcium channel blockers are indicated for angina?

A

Verapamil, diltiazem

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11
Q

What is a common example of a dihydropyridine/vasoselective calcium channel blocker?

A

Amlodipine

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12
Q

How does amlodipine have vasoselectivity?

A

It binds to inactivated L-type Ca2+ channels, which are more likely to exist in vascular smooth muscle because depolarisations are longer lasting

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13
Q

What are the contraindications for diltiazem?

A

heart failure, severe bradycardia

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14
Q

What drug class should not be used concurrently with calcium channel blockers?

A

Beta-Blockers

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15
Q

What are the primary action of nitrate dilators?

A

Venous dilation (also will be systemic arterial dilation)

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16
Q

What type of nitrodilator is administered via a sublingual spray?

A

Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)

17
Q

How do nitrates provide symptomatic relief for ischaemic chest pain?

A

They cause vasodilation in the veins, decreasing preload on the heart, and reduce systemic arterial resistance decreasing after-load which decreases the stress on the ventricles and therefore their O2 demand.

18
Q

What are the indications for glyceryl trinitrate?

A

angina, MI, congestive heart failure

19
Q

What are the adverse effects of nitrates?

A

flushing, headache, reflex tachycardia

ELM2 - clinical pharmacology (20 decks)

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