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anatomy - physio > ANS 2 > Flashcards

ANS 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of interactions between the SNS and PNS?

A
  • antagonistic - opposing directions
  • complementary - similiar
  • co-operative
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2
Q

what do the pre-ganglionic fibres of both PNS and SNS release?

A

Ach

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3
Q

what do the post ganglionic PNS fibres release?

A

Acetylcholine

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4
Q

what do the post ganglionic SNS fibres release?

A
  • noradrenaline
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5
Q

what post ganglionic SNS fibres are cholinergic?

A
  • sweat glands
  • pilorector muscles
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6
Q

what are the 4 main receptor types?

A
  • g protein coupled receptor
  • tyrosine kinase receptors
  • ionitrophic receptors
  • steroid hormone receptors
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7
Q

what are ionotropic receptors?

A

gated ion channels linked to a receptor that opens with ligand binding
eg nicotinic cholineric Ach receptors

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8
Q

what are G protein coupled receptors?

A
  • 7 transmembrane domain receptors linked to a membrane bound protein complex
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9
Q

what are the main types of G protein coupled receptors?

A
  • Gs - stimulatory
  • Gq- stimulatory
  • Gi- inhibitory
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10
Q

Describe** nicotinic cholinergic receptors**

A
  • ionotropic receptors linked to cation (Na+) channel
  • influx of cations links to depolarisation
  • found in muscles (N1), nerves (N2)
  • common in both SNS and PNS
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11
Q

Describe muscarinic cholinergic receptors

subtypes, which are stim and inhib

A
  • 5 subtypes- M1-M5
  • odd numbered - stimulatory and linked to Gq
  • even numbered are inhibitory and linked to Gi
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12
Q

what type of receptor does noradrenaline act on?

A
  • adrenoceptors- G protein coupled receptors
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13
Q

what receptor does the sympathetic cholinergic fibres act on?

A

muscarinic receptors

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14
Q

what are the **2 main types of adrenergic receptors **& which catecholmine do they bind to?

A
  • alpha - noradrenaline >adrenaline
  • beta- adrenaline> noradrenaline
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15
Q

what are the 2 subtypes of alpha adrenoceptors?

A
  • alpha1
  • alpha 2
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16
Q

what are the 2 subtypes of beta adrenoceptors?

A
  • beta 1
  • beta 2
  • beta 3
17
Q

what g alpha subunit is alpha 1 adrenoceptor linked to and what effect does it have?

A
  • Gq- stimulatory
  • stimulates PLC and increase [Ca2+]
  • found on vascular smooth muscle
  • can cause vasoconstriction
18
Q

what alpha subunit is alpha 2 adrenoceptors linked to and what effect does it have?

A
  • Gi- inhibitory
  • decreases cAMP
  • found in vascular beds, Gi smooth muscle and platelets
19
Q

what alpha subunit is beta1 adrenoceptor linked to & what effect does it have?

A
  • Gs- stimulatory
  • acts to increase cAMP
  • found in heart
20
Q

what type of alpha subunit is beta 2 adrenoceptors linked to & what effect does it have?

A
  • Gs- stimulatory
  • increases cAMP
  • found in smooth muscles that dilate - eg vessels
21
Q

what g alpha subunit is beta 3 adrenoceptor linked to & what effect does it have?

A
  • linked to Gs - stimulatory
  • increases cAMP
  • found in adipose tissue where it promotes lipolysis
22
Q

what enzyme breaks down Ach and what is it broken down into?

A
  • acetylcholinestarase
  • choline and acetic acid
23
Q

what happens to NA after a synapse?

A
  • uptake 1 transports NA** into prejunctional cell**
  • uptake 2 transports NA into post junctional cell
  • in the cell - it is broken down by mono-amino oxidase MOA or catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)
24
Q

what are the main targets/functions of drugs relating to the ANS?

A
  • some relate to ANS function
  • some interfere with NT release
  • some interfere or mimic NT action - ie antagonists or agonists
  • some interfere with NT recycling- ie preventing breakown of NT potentiating its effect
25
Q

what type of chemicals can inhibit acetylcholinesterase?

A

pesticides - they inhibit and therefore they increase the amount of Ach in cleft

26
Q

what are parasympathomimetic drugs?

A

drugs that activate the PNS, by mimicking the effects of Ach

27
Q

what are** parasympatholytic** drugs?

A

drugs that oppose the effects of the PNS

28
Q

what are examples of muscarinic agonists (ie parasympathomimetic drugs)?

A
  • atropine
  • ipratropium - used in asthma as a bronchodilator
29
Q

what are examples of adrenergic receptor agonists? (ie sympathomimetic drugs)

A
  • phenylephrine - alpha 1 adrenoceptor agonist
  • clonidine - a2 adrenoceptor agonist
  • salbutamol - B2 adrenoceptor agonist
30
Q
A

anatomy - physio (17 decks)

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