Chapter 2 - The Chemical Composition of Cells

Question 1

What is the Nickel-Eating plant discovered in the Philippines?

Answer 1

Rinorea niccolifera

Question 2

It refers to the use of hyperaccumulator plants to remove heavy metals in contaminated soils.

Answer 2

Phytoremediation

Question 3

It is the use of hyperaccumulator plants to grow and harvest in order to recover commercially valuable metals in plant shoots from metal-rich sites.

Answer 3

Phytomining

Question 4

The positive electric charge, small mass.

Answer 4

Proton

Question 5

Uncharged, small mass

Answer 5

Neutron

Question 6

Negative charge, extreme small mass

Answer 6

Electron

Question 7

They move around the nucleus at different energy levels.

Answer 7

Electrons

Question 8

An electrostatic attraction between opposite charged ions.

Answer 8

Ionic Bond

Question 9

A chemical bond involving one or more shared pairs of electrons.

Answer 9

Covalent Bond

Question 10

An attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in one molecule and a slightly negative atom (usually oxygen) in another molecule.

Answer 10

Hydrogen Bond

Question 11

Water has a strong ______ ability?

Answer 11

Dissolving

Question 12

It is when molecules form H-bonds with one another.

Answer 12

Cohesion

Question 13

It is when molecules form H-bonds to substances with ionic or polar regions.

Answer 13

Adhesion

Question 14

What dissociates in water to form hydrogen ions (protons, H+)?

Answer 14

Acids

Question 15

What dissociates in water to yield negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH-)?

Answer 15

Bases

Question 16

It is used to measure relative concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution?

Answer 16

pH Scale

Question 17

An organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It is an important fuel molecule, and components of molecules and cell walls.

Answer 17

Carbohydrates

Question 18

It is a storage polysaccharide.

Answer 18

Starch

Question 19

Starch is composed of what molecules?

Answer 19

Glucose

Question 20

It is a structural polysaccharide.

Answer 20

Cellulose

Question 21

It is a group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in fat solvents.

Answer 21

Lipids

Question 22

It is an important fuel molecule; components of cell membranes; waterproof coverings over plant surfaces, light-gathering molecules for photosynthesis.

Answer 22

Lipids

Question 23

It is a large, complex organic compound composed of amino acid subunits.

Answer 23

Protein

Question 24

These are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions.

Answer 24

Enzymes

Question 25

These are large, complex organic molecules composed of nucleotides.

Answer 25

Nucleic Acid

Question 26

These are repeating units that form nucleic acids.

Answer 26

Nucleotides

Question 27

It is a modified nucleotide compounds important in energy transfers in biological systems.

Answer 27

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 28

It is the energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.

Answer 28

Activation Energy

Question 29

It is the stored energy.

Answer 29

Potential Energy

Question 30

It is the energy having to do with motion.

Answer 30

Kinetic Energy

Question 31

It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, although it can be transformed from one form to another.

Answer 31

The first law of thermodynamics

Question 32

It states that when energy is converted from one form to another, some of it is degraded into a lower-quality, less useful form.

Answer 32

The second law of thermodynamics

Question 33

It is the ability to do work.

Answer 33

Energy

Question 34

It continuously increases in the universe as usable energy is converted to lower-quality, less usable form (heat).

Answer 34

Entropy

Question 35

These are compounds that are directly involved in the growth and development of a plant.

Answer 35

Primary metabolites

Question 36

These are organic compounds produced in other metabolic pathways.

Answer 36

Secondary metabolites

Question 37

It is called the synthesis of metabolites.

Answer 37

Biosynthesis

Question 38

_____ such as phenolics, alkaloids and terpenoids often protect or strengthen plants.

Answer 38

Secondary metabolites

Question 39

A group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. Produced by a large variety of organisms , including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals.

Answer 39

Alkaloids

Question 40

They often have pharmacological effects and are used as medications, as recreational drugs, or in entheogenic rituals.

Answer 40

Alkaloids

Question 41

They are present in plants used in traditional medicine of several cultures. Their role in human health and disease is a subject of research, because these are found to have germicidal property and are used in formulating disinfectants.

Answer 41

Phenolics