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Unit 1 Alevel Sport > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

How many irregular bones are in the vertebrae

A

33

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2
Q

What are the 5 sections of the vertebral column?

A

Cervical, thoracic, Lumbar, Sarcral, coccyx

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3
Q

How many vertebrae are in the Cervical.

A

7

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4
Q

How many vertebrae are in the Thoracic

A

12

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5
Q

How many vertebrae are in the Lumbar

A

5

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6
Q

How many vertebrae are in the sacral

A

5 vertebrae all fused together.

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7
Q

How many vertebrae are in the coccyx

A

4 vertebrae fused together

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8
Q

What is Kyphosis

A

An excessive outward curve of the spine, it can cause the appearance of a hunchback

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9
Q

What is Scoliosis

A

The abnormal curve of the spine to the left or right.

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10
Q

What is the main core of the axial skeleton

A

the skull, the thoracic cage and the vertebral column

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11
Q

What bones consist in the appendicular skeleton

A

Upper limbs, lower limbs, shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle

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12
Q

What is the function of a long bone

A

Provides leverage (movement)
Produced red blood cells

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13
Q

What is the function of a short bone

A

weight bearing

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14
Q

What is the function of the flat bone

A

protection of vital organs

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15
Q

What is the function of irregular bone

A

protection of the spinal cord

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16
Q

What is the function of a sesamoid bone

A

reduced friction across a joint

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17
Q

Where is red bone marrow produced

A

Spongy bone

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18
Q

Where is yellow marrow produced

A

Marrow cavity

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19
Q

What is the outmost layer of long bone

A

periosteum

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20
Q

What is ossification

A

the process of which bones grow throughout their life, turning bones from cartilage to bone.

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21
Q

What are Osteoclasts

A

The process of which unwanted calcium is removed.

22
Q

What are osteoblasts

A

Cells that build new bone

23
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate

A

Where the bone grows (Growth Plate)

24
Q

What happens when you exercise to your bones

A

When you exercise you cause microscopic damage to your bones.
Organisms called osteoclasts remove any unnecessary calcium phosphate from the damaged area.
the osteoblasts then bring new calcium to the area which helps create new bone.
Osteoblast activity increases after exercise, therefore the more you exercise the stronger your bones become.

25
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system

A

Support
Shape/ Structure
protection
Movement
Mineral Storage
Production of blood cells

26
Q

What do tendons attach

A

Muscle to bone

27
Q

What do ligaments attach

A

Bone to Bone

28
Q

What are the 3 joint classification??

A

Synovial
cartilaginous
Fibrous

29
Q

what is a synovial joint

A

Freely moving

30
Q

what is a cartilaginous joint

A

slightly moveable

31
Q

what is a fibrous joint

A

a fixed joint

32
Q

Name a cartilaginous joint

A

Vertebrae

33
Q

Name a fibrous joint

A

Cranium

34
Q

Name the 6 synovial joints

A

Ball and socket
Hinge
Pivot
Gliding
Saddle
Condyloid

35
Q

Name a hinge joint and its movements

A

Elbow - Extension and Flexion

36
Q

Name a ball and socket and its movement

A

Shoulder - abduction, adduction, extension, flexion, circumduction, rotation

37
Q

Name a Condyloid joint and its movement

A

Finger - back / forth / side to side

38
Q

Name a gliding joint and its movement

A

Wrist - movement restricted by ligaments or by bony prominence

39
Q

name a pivot joint and its movement

A

Neck - controlled rotational

40
Q

name a saddle joint and its movement

A

Thumb - backwards / forwards and from side / side

41
Q

Whats the function of the joint capsule

A

Holds bones togetehr

42
Q

Whats the function of the bursa

A

Small fluid sac providing cushion and the bones to prevent friction

43
Q

Whats the function of the cartilage

A

Shock absorber

44
Q

Whats the function of the synovial membrane

A

Releases synovial fluid into the joint

45
Q

Whats the function of the synovial fluid

A

Lubricates the joint

46
Q

Whats the function of the ligaments

A

holds two or more bones together

47
Q

What is arthritis

A

Condition where there is inflammation within a synovial joint causing pain stiffness in the joint

48
Q

Whats the difference between inflammatory arthritis and degenerative arthritis.

A

For inflammatory arthritis your immune system begins attacking your joints causing them to become inflamed. Degenerative arthritis is when the cartilage in the joints becomes thinner and rougher.

49
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

The weakening of bones caused by a loss in calcium or a lack of vitamin D within bones.

50
Q

What causes stunted bone growth?

A

Intense compression of the bones can shrink the epiphyseal growth plates on the end of your bone.

51
Q

What is green stick fractures??

A

A green stick fracture is when a bone bends and cracks instead of breaking completely into separate peices

Unit 1 Alevel Sport (4 decks)

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