Muscular System Flashcards
What are the tree type of muscle tissues
Skeletal, smooth and cardiac
What are the properties of smooth muscle
Involuntary
Functions under the control of the nervous system
Walls of the digestive system
Not Striated
Slow contractions
What are the properties of skeletal Muscles
Voluntary
Contract and pull on the bones to create movement
They are striated
Become fatigued
What are the properties of cardiac muscle
Involuntary
It contracts to create a heart beat
Striated
Doesn’t fatigue
What is the origin of a muscle
The end of the muscle attached to a fixed bone. The end which remains stationary.
What is the insertion of a muscle
The end of the muscle attached to the bone which moves. Normally crosses over a joint to allow movement when the muscle shortens
What is the synergist
The muscles that work together for the movement to be more efficient
What is the fixator
These stop any unnecessary movement by stabilising the joint
What is an isometric contraction
Where the muscle is engaged in a static position, this contraction leads to fatigue quickly.
What is an concentric contraction
Occurs in the agonist muscle if there is movement, the muscle insertion moves towards the origin
What is an eccentric contraction
Occurs in the antagonist muscle if there is movement ONLY if it is acting as a brake to help control the movement of the body, the muscle lengthens under tension
What are the properties of Type I Slow oxidative
Contract slowly with less force
Slow to fatigue
Suited to longer-duration aerobic activities
E.g. a marathon, long distance cycling
What are the properties of Type IIa Fast oxidative
Fast contracting, able to produce a large force
Resistant to fatigue
Suited to speed, power and strength activities
E.g. fast running events such as 400m
