Vision Flashcards

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1
Q

Retina

A
  • Made up of photoreceptors
  • Critical
  • At the back of the eye
  • Without it, we can’t see at all because we can’t convert light to action potentials
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2
Q

Fovea

A
  • A depression of the retina
  • Contains one specific type of photoreceptor (cones)
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3
Q

Retinal organization

A
  • Ganglion cell layer
  • Bipolar cell layer
  • Photoreceptor layer
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4
Q

How does light pass through the retinal layers?

A

Light bypasses the first two layers (ganglion and bipolar cell layers are not triggered by light), only the photoreceptor layer is stimulated by light

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5
Q

Are there more rods or cones in the eye?

A

Rods

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6
Q

Where are rods located?

A

Spread out over the retina, sans fovea

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7
Q

Where are cones located?

A

Almost entirely in the fovea

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8
Q

What light are rods sensitive to?

A

Low levels of brightness

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9
Q

What light are cones sensitive to?

A

Bright light

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10
Q

What is the specialization of rods?

A

Night vision and motion

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11
Q

What is the specialization of cones?

A

Color vision and acuity

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12
Q

Transduction in the absence of light

A
  • In the dark, photoreceptors are depolarized; they are inhibitory (sending out IPSPs)
  • This inhibits/hyperpolarizes the bipolar cell, which is usually excitatory but currently being inhibited
  • This prevents action potentials in the ganglion cell
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13
Q

Transduction in light

A
  • Light hyperpolarizes the photoreceptors via G-protein coupled receptors
  • This reduces inhibition of the bipolar cells (which are excitatory); they can now depolarize and fire
  • This can now excite the ganglion cells, whose action potentials get sent to the brain
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14
Q

Two types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)

A
  • Magnocellular cells (M cells)
  • Parvocellular cells (P cells)
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15
Q

Which are larger, M cells or P cells?

A

M cells

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16
Q

Where do M cells mainly get their input from?

A

Rods

17
Q

What are M cells sensitive to?

A

Low contrast and moving stimuli

18
Q

Where are M cells found?

A

Throughout the retina

19
Q

Where do P cells mainly get their input from?

A

Cones

20
Q

What are P cells sensitive to?

A

Fine detail and color

21
Q

Where are P cells found?

A

Largely in the fovea

22
Q
A