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DMST 367 Echo 3 > Hypertension Async > Flashcards

Hypertension Async Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal Hypertension?

A

<120/80

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2
Q

Essential HTN is also known as what?

A

Primary HTN

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3
Q

What are causes of Primary hypertension? 7

A
  1. Hereditary
  2. High Cholesterol
  3. Obesity
  4. Diabetes
  5. Sedentary Lifestyle
  6. Renal disease
  7. Coarctation
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4
Q

What are risk factors of Primary HTN? 4

A
  1. Older age
  2. Male > female
  3. Lifestyle
  4. Ethnicity (African decent)
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5
Q

What are some lifestyle factors that attribute to Primary HTN? 4

A
  1. Stress
  2. Excessive sodium intake
  3. Excessive alcohol intake
  4. Smoking
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6
Q

Hypertension may result in complications to which organs? 5

A
  1. Brain
  2. Heart
  3. Vascular system
  4. Eyes
  5. Kidneys
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7
Q

How can HTN affect the brain? 2

A
  1. Dementia
  2. TIA/ Stroke
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8
Q

How HTN affect the heart? 4

A
  1. LVH
  2. IHD/CAD/ MI
  3. Arrhythmias
  4. CHF
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9
Q

What are some ways that HTN affects the vascular system? 3

A
  1. Aneurysm
  2. Dissection
  3. Atherosclerosis
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10
Q

When pressure increases in the heart, the heart will do what to compensate?

A

Increase wall thickness

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11
Q

LVH affects the heart in two ways what are they?

A
  1. Diastolic dysfunction
  2. Systolic dysfunction
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12
Q

How does LVH affect Diastolic dysfunction?

A

Altered muscle cannot relax

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13
Q

How does LVH affect systolic dysfunction?

A

Cannot maintain adequate blood supply to big heart muscle

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14
Q

HTN frequently leads to what down the line?

A

CHF

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15
Q

What are some lifestyle modifications that can help assist with HTN? 5

A
  1. Exercise
  2. Control salt intake
  3. Lipid management
  4. Smoking cessation
  5. Stress reduction techniques
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16
Q

What are two ways to manage HTN?

A
  1. Iifestyle
  2. Medication
17
Q

What is the role of echo in hypertension? 4

A
  1. Assess LVH
  2. Assess LV systolic and diastolic function
  3. Look for causes of hypertension
  4. Identify other cardiac anomalies associated with HTN
18
Q

What are two ways to assess for LVH?

A
  1. Wall thickness
  2. LV mass
19
Q

How do we assess for Wall thickness for LVH? 2

A
  1. 2D or M- Mode
  2. RWT
20
Q

How do we assess for LV mass for LVH? 3

A
  1. Linear method
  2. Area/ length
  3. LV mass index
21
Q

Fill the chart

A

Iron deposits

22
Q

What is a sigmoid septum?

A

Basal septal focal hypertrophy

23
Q

In terms of a sigmoid septum, the myocardial disarray is related to what?

A

Reduced perfusion in the segment, causing thickening

24
Q

What is the motion of sigmoid septum walls?

A

Frequently hypokinetic

25
Q

Is sigmoid septum’s considered LVH?

A

No

26
Q

With a sigmoid septum there is an increased risk of what?

A

Adverse cardiac events

27
Q

Sigmoid septum’s are seen in which patients? 2

A
  1. Diabetics
  2. Elderly patients
28
Q

What effects do we see with Sigmoid septum’s? 2

A
  1. Subaortic stenosis
  2. LVOT accel
29
Q

What does this image represent?

A

Concentric remodeling and concentric hypertrophy is related to hypertension and eccentric geometry is related to Volume overload

30
Q

What does this image represent?

A

Concentric hypertrophy

31
Q

Structural changes in myocytes with LVH inhibit what?

A

LV contraction and relaxation

32
Q

Decreased LV function may lead to what?

A

CHF

33
Q

Systolic function is often hyper dynamic with what? What does this lead to?

A

LVH and may lead to LVOT obstruction

34
Q

The only cardiac cause of HTN is what?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

35
Q

What is coarctation of the aorta?

A

Congenital narrowing of the descending aorta

36
Q

Coarctation of the aorta is associated with what?

A

Dagger shaped doppler profile

37
Q

What are some pathologies that we assess for in terms of HTN? 5

A
  1. MAC
  2. AV sclerosis
  3. Dilated ascending aorta
  4. AI
  5. Atherosclerosis in the aorta
38
Q

What does this image represent?

A

DMST 367 Echo 3 (27 decks)

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