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DMST 367 Echo 3 > Advanced Modalities in echo Async. > Flashcards

Advanced Modalities in echo Async. Flashcards

1
Q

What is a GE Vscan?

A

Small bedside unit which can fit into a lab coat pocket

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2
Q

What are GE scans used for?

A

Used by cardiologists for quick look at the heart (full study recommended afterwards)

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3
Q

What is GE Vscans capable of?

A

2D + colour (no spectral) echo + vasc

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4
Q

What is the GE Vscan probe like?

A

Double ended probe

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5
Q

What does 3D probes use to plot points?

A

Cartesian coordinate system

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6
Q

What is biplane imaging?

A

Uses two 90 degree slices for simultaneous imaging

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7
Q

What does this image represent?

A

Biplane imaging

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8
Q

What is triplane imaging? What do we see?

A

When all views are seen simultaneously
1. Valves
2. Wall motion
3. Masses and veggies

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9
Q

What produces the most accurate estimation of EF?

A

Triplane imaging
All views must be taken within the same beat

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10
Q

What does this image represent?

A

Triplane imaging

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11
Q

What is 9/12 slice from 4D?

A

9 slices simultaneously

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12
Q

What might 9/12 slice from 4D be imaged with?

A
  1. Color doppler
  2. Contrast might be used for better visibility
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13
Q

What does this image represent?

A

9/12 slice from 4D

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14
Q

What is 12 slice 3D/4D

A

9 slices + 3 apical planes

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15
Q

with 12 slice 3D/4D ROI is displayed as what?

A

Lines on apicals

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16
Q

Information on 3D/4D images comes in what?

A

Voxels

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17
Q

3D/4D imaging uses what?

A

Volume rendered 3D

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18
Q

Surface rendered 3D echo only provides what?

A

Outer 3D rendering

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19
Q

Why do we use 3D to assess for? 3

A
  1. Valves
  2. LV volumes
  3. Massess
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20
Q

What do we need to have for a good 3D

A

Good 2D

21
Q

How do we get real time 3D?

A

Image is formed by stitching pie shaped slices together to form a full volume data set

22
Q

What does cropping in 3D do?

A

Crop to focus on specific information (Limited ROI)

23
Q

What is strain imaging?

A

Describes the deformation of an object. Like how much a myocardial segment is moving

24
Q

What is the formula for strain?

A
25
Q

Why should strain values be negative?

A

Because L<Lo in the normal heart

26
Q

In terms of strain in the heart, what happens?

A

Myocardial fibers shorten and lengthen in many directions during the cardiac cycle

27
Q

What is the best window to see strain in the heart?

A

Apical window or the longitudinal plane

28
Q

Label

A
29
Q

In terms of 2D strain imaging, the machine does what?

A

Tracks the speckles in the 2D image throughout systole

30
Q

What is AKA GLS or STE?

A
  1. AKA GLS: Global longitudinal strain
  2. STE: Speckle tracking echocardiography
31
Q

When do we use GLS/ STE? 2

A
  1. LV functional assessment
  2. Prognostic factors
32
Q

What are some LV functional assessments we can see with GLS/STE? 5

A
  1. Chemotherapy
  2. Heart transplant rejection
  3. Valvular disease
  4. Cardiomyopathies
  5. Hypertensive heart diseases
33
Q

What does using GLS/STE for heart transplant rejections do? 2

A
  1. Reduces the need for myocardial biopsies
  2. STE very prognostic for ACR (Acute cellular rejection) while 2D echo methods have failed
34
Q

What are some prognostic factors that GLS/STE is used for?2

A
  1. Heart failure outcomes from any cause
  2. Embolic risk for paroxysmal A-fib
35
Q

How is strain done?

A
  1. With the technologist help, the machine identifies the region of interest or ROI
  2. Displays colour coded strain information over the 2D image
36
Q

What does this image represent?

A

Strain imaging

37
Q

What is a strain graph?

A

Software which plots a graph with the peak systolic strain values for each segment in the view

38
Q

When are strain graphs done?

A

Done offline in the all 3 apical views

39
Q

What are needed for strain graphs?

A

Good images

40
Q

What does this image represent?

A

Strain graph

41
Q

In terms of 2D strain imaging, software applies what?

A

Strain values to each LV segment

42
Q

How is strain usually displayed?

A

On the echo bulls eye

43
Q

What does the blue and red mean?

A

Red = good, Blue = bad

44
Q

What does this image represent?

A

Display of GLSL (Bull’s eye plot)

45
Q

Label

A

**Values are vendor dependent*

46
Q

What is another good reason for strain?

A

Strain is not affected by tethering

47
Q

What is tethering?

A

When diseased segment is getting pulled along by a healthy segment

48
Q

Strain allows us to do what?

A

Differentiate normal from tethered segments

49
Q
A

DMST 367 Echo 3 (27 decks)

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