Chapter 6: Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What do normal probability distributions allow us to make?

A

Inferences about all kinds of data

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2
Q

What have mathematicians determined about normal distributions?

A

That they follow regular patterns, and by knowing the characteristics we can make inferences about data

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3
Q

What can we use the standard normal table to determine?

A

The z-score that marks off a certain proportion of a population

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4
Q

What can the normal distribution be used in place of?

A

The binomial distribution to determine probabilities when there are large numbers of observations

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5
Q

What does a values position on the chart indicate?

A

Where a data point is relative to the others, both in terms of the value itself, but also in terms of frequency

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6
Q

What will the distribution chart for any variable have?

A

Values and units of the variable on the x-axis and the frequency on the y-axis

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7
Q

What does a normal distribution tell us for any particular value of the variable?

A

How common the value is, how far it is from the mean (above or below)

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8
Q

What does the mean define?

A

Where the center of each distribution will be

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9
Q

What does the standard deviation define?

A

The spread of the distribution

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10
Q

What do narrower distributions have?

A

Smaller standard deviations

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11
Q

What do wider distributions have?

A

Larger standard deviations with more variability among the values

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12
Q

What is the formula for standard deviation?

A

o = square root o^2 (square root of the variance)

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13
Q

What are the three properties of a normal curve?

A

Symmetric about the mean, all three measures of central tendency are the same, proportion of areas between the standard deviations are known

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14
Q

What do the three properties of a normal curve create?

A

Family resemblance among the distributions of all variables that are normally distributed

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15
Q

In a normal curve what are the sections of the normal curve defined by the standard deviation?

A

The same regardless of the value of the standard deviation

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16
Q

What is a z-score?

A

Converts any individual raw value into a score that tells us how far that score is from the mean in terms of the standard deviation

17
Q

What is the standard normal distribution?

A

Makes it easier to apply the properties of the normal distribution to data collected on different scales

18
Q

What does combining z-scores with properties of the normal distribution allow us to know?

A

Where a score is relative to mean but also how much of the distribution falls above and below it

19
Q

What does the standard normal table tell us about z-scores?

A

What values are to the left of the z-score

20
Q

What do you do to find the value above a certain percentage from the z-score table?

A

You take the value that is below and subtract it from 1 to get the score of the value above

21
Q

How do you find the area between a z-score and the mean?

A

You can subtract the area given in the standard normal table for the z-score and subtract it from .5 to obtain the area of a z-score to the mean

22
Q

If finding the value from the score from the area of the mean which number do you put first?

A

Your value from the mean of .5000 (or the largest value that you have goes first)

23
Q

What parts do you know when you use the formula z= (X-u)/o ?

A

Raw score, the mean, and the standard deviation

24
Q

What is the simplified version of the z-score formula?

A

x= u + zo

25
Q

What are the characteristics of the normal curve?

A

Any area in a normal curve is distributed in the same way

26
Q

What does asymptomatic mean?

A

Curve never actually touches x-axis

27
Q

What is the proportion of scores?

A

Anything under normal curve is distributed in the same way

28
Q

What is the table body in a z-score table?

A

Represents the area of scores to the left of a respective z-score

29
Q

What is the first column in a z-table?

A

First digit of a z-score

30
Q

What is the first row of in the z-score table?

A

First two decimal places of a z-score

31
Q

What are the things you can do with a z-score?

A

Find area beyond a z-score, find the area between a z-score and the mean, find area between any two z-scores

32
Q

What happens if you can’t find the exact value?

A

Pick the larger score to get the smaller proportion