chapter 8

Question 1

What is autobiographical memory?

Answer 1

Memory from our life events that include episodic and semantic components

Question 2

Study by roberto cabeza

Answer 2

had students take pics of different locations then measured brain activity when students their own photos along with similar photos of other people.

Question 3

What part of the brain did Roberto’s cabeza study measure? 4 parts

Answer 3

Medial temporal lobe, parietal cortex, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus

Question 4

what is self-image hypothesis

Answer 4

idea that our memory is enhanced when our self-image or identity is being formed.

Question 5

reminiscence bump

Answer 5

the idea that people over 40 have better memory from events in their adolescence and early adulthood. usually from 10 to 30 years.

Question 6

Cognitive hypothesis

Answer 6

periods of rapid change followed by stability allows us to encode our memories better.

Question 6

explanations for reminiscence bump

Answer 6

1 self image - period person assumes self image 2 cognitive encoding is better during periods of rapid change 3 cultural life script culturally shaped expectations structure recall

Question 7

cultural life script

Answer 7

culturally expected events that occur in a particular time in the life span

Question 8

youth bias

Answer 8

belief that our most public memories happen to occur when we are young.

Question 9

kevin labar & elizabeth phelps test

Answer 9

tested participants recall to recall arousing sexually explicit or profanity words compared to neutral words. people remembered arousing words far better than neutral words

Question 10

larry cahill test

Answer 10

had participants see neural and arousing pics, one group stress group placed their hands in ice cold water releases cortisol, other group placed hands in warm water. stress group remembered arousing picture better

Question 11

flashbulb memory

Answer 11

refers to the way a person remembers a shocking highly charged event.It is how a person heard a memory instead of the event itself.

Question 12

Neisser and Harsch study

Answer 12

studied flashbulb memory immediately tested people’s memory of the challenger event, later after 3 years their memory was tested again. the location in which people describe seeing the news changed over time.

Question 13

narrative rehearsal hypothesis

Answer 13

idea that we remember emotionally charged events we hear about because we rehearse what these events after they happened

Question 14

James ost study importance how tv impacts memory

Answer 14

asked people of a tragic event and asked a misleading question did you see the footage of the crash? people answered yes but there was no actual footage of the crash just the news covering the event of the crash.Tv can capture people’s memory greatly.

Question 15

constructive nature of memory

Answer 15

is what people report as their memories of things that happened plus additional factors like experiences prior knowledge and expectations

Question 16

source monitoring

Answer 16

the process of determining the origin of our knowledge experiences or beliefs

Question 17

illusionary truth effect

Answer 17

the enhanced probability of evaluating a statement as being true upon repeating it again.

Question 18

fluency

Answer 18

the ease in which a statement can be remembered influences people’s judgements

Question 19

Bartlett test 1932

Answer 19

tested people’s constructive memory by having the read a canadian indian folklore, wanted to see how a culturally different stoy would effect people’s memory.

Question 20

repeated reproduction

Answer 20

remembering of a story or event at longer and longer intervals after they had originally started

Question 21

schema

Answer 21

a persons knowledge about some aspect of the environment

Question 22

script

Answer 22

our conception of the sequence of actions that usually occurs during a particular experience

Question 23

The Misinformation effect

Answer 23

misleading information presented after a person witnesses an event can change how the person describes the event later

Question 24

misleading postevent information MPI

Answer 24

Misleading info that leads to misinformation effect is called misleading postevent information

Question 25

Loftus and palmer

Answer 25

Showed participants a picture of a car crashed and ask participants two questions how fast the cars were the cars going when they smashed, or hit into each other. one later the questions was asked was there broken glass 32 percent answered yes then heard the word smash compared to 14 person who heard hit.

Question 26

eyewitness testimony

Answer 26

testimony by someone who has witnessed a crime

Question 27

post identification feedback

Answer 27

increased confidence due to confirming feedback after making an identification

Question 28

cognitive interview

Answer 28

allow witnesses to talk with minimal interruption and use techniques that help them recall the situation they were in emotions felt, where was their gaze how the scene by be different from a new view point