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Microbiology > Staphylococcus > Flashcards

Staphylococcus Flashcards

1
Q

All cocci are gram +ve Except

A

VeNoM
Veilonella
Neisseria
Moraxella

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2
Q

Classification of Gram +ve Cocci

A

Micrococcacae - Staphylococcus, Micrococcus
Streptococcacae - Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Enterococcus

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3
Q

Shape of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus

A

Bunch of grapes - S Aureus
Tetrad - Micrococcus

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4
Q

Glucose utilisation in Micrococcus and Staphylococcus

A

Oxidative - Micrococcus
Fermentative - S Aureus

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5
Q

Micrococcus and Staphylococcus are Catalase

A

Positive

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6
Q

Micrococcus and Staphylococcus are Oxidase

A

Micrococcus - Positive
Staphylococcus - Negative

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7
Q

Staphylococcus is Bacitracin

A

Resistant (Tough)

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8
Q

Micrococcus is Bacitracin

A

Sensitive

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9
Q

What is glucose utilisation medium

A

Hugh and Leifson (Bromothymol blue indicator)

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10
Q

S. Aureus produces which pigment

A

Golden pigment

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11
Q

Features of Staphylococcus aureus

A

Non motile
Non sporing
Catalase +ve
Oxidase -ve

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12
Q

Virulence factors of S Aureus associated with cell wall

A

Peptidoglycan, Teichoic acid

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13
Q

Virulence factor of S Aureus associated with cell surface

A

Protein A , Clumping factor

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14
Q

Features of Protein A

A

Anti-complementary
Anti-phagocytosis
Co-agglutination

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15
Q

In case of S Aureus , for co-agglutination test which strain is used

A

COWAN-1 Strain

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16
Q

Toxins produced By Staph aureus

A

Hemolysins
Panton-valentin toxin (PV Toxin)
Epidermolytic/Exfoliative toxin
Enterotoxin

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17
Q

Types of Hemolysin toxin

A

Alpha - Lyse sheep and human RBC, inactivated at 70° and activated at 100°
Beta/Sphingomyelinase - Lyse sheepn RBC only, Hot cold phenomenom
Gamma - Lyse sheep and human RBC
Delta - Same

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18
Q

Panton-valentin toxin is secreted by

A

Methicillin resistant Staph Aureus

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19
Q

Epidermolytic or Exfoliative toxin can cause

A

Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)
Ritter’s disease
TEN(Toxic epidermal necrolysis)

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20
Q

Site of action of Epidermolytic toxin in Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome

A

Stratum granulosum - Desmoglein 1

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21
Q

Most common Type of Enterotoxin

A

Enterotoxin A
Heat stable

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22
Q

Enterotoxin can cause

A

Food poisioning - Vagomimetic action - Vomiting

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23
Q

Incubation period for Food poisoning caused by Enterotoxin

A

1-6 hours

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24
Q

Enterotoxin F can cause

A

Toxic shock Syndrome

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25
Q

Toxic shock Syndrome is associated with

A

Long term tampon usage
Fatal

26
Q

Criteria of Toxic Shock Syndrome

A

Fever >102°F
Hypotension - SBP <90
Maculopapular rash + Any 3 or more organs involvement

27
Q

Enzymes associated with Staphylococcus

A

Thermonuclease
DNAase
Phosphatase
Catalase
Coagulase

28
Q

Clinical Features seen in Staphylococcus

A

SOFT PAINS
S - Skin and Soft tissue infections
O - Osteomyelitis
F - Food poisioning (<6hrs)
T - Toxic Shock Syndrome, Toxic epidermal Necrolysis
P - pneumoniae, Pneumocele
A - Acute infective endocarditis
I - infective Arthritis
N - Necrotizing Fascilitis
S - Sepsis

29
Q

Botryomycosis is caused by

A

Staph aureus

30
Q

Most common cause of Native valve infective endocarditis

A

S. Aureus

31
Q

Most common cause of Hospital acquired pneumonia or VAP

A

S. Aureus

32
Q

Microscopic Finding of S Aureus

A

Bunch of grapes

33
Q

Culture used for S. Aureus

A

Nutrient Agar - Golden pigment (Staphyloxanthin @22°C, Non diffusible)
Blood Agar - Pin head colonies, Narrow zone Hemolysis

34
Q

Selective media for staph aureus

A

S. Aureus - Salt(7-10%)
Mannitol Salt agar
Ludlam’s agar
Salt milk agar

35
Q

How we will get to know about Catalase positive or negative

A

Catalase positive organisms - Bubbles on slide

36
Q

Examples of Catalase positive organisms

A

Cats Space Being Made
S- S. Aureus, Serratia (Red)
P- Pseudomonas
A - Aspergillus
C - Candida, Cryptococcus
E - Ecoli, Enterobacteriacea
BeiNG - Bacillus anthracis, Neisseria gonorrhea and meningitidis
MADE - MTB and Micrococcus

37
Q

Types of Coagulase test

A

Slide Coagulase
Tube Coagulase

38
Q

Slide Coagulase is also known as

A

Bound Coagulase

39
Q

Tube Coagulase is also known as

A

Free Coagulase

40
Q

Slide Coagulase is positive in

A

Staph aureus
Staph intermedius
Staph Hyicus
Staph Lugdunensis

41
Q

Tube Coagulase is positive in

A

Staph aureus
Staph intermedius
Staph Hyicus
Staph Schleiferi

42
Q

Tube Coagulase/Free Coagulase test Procedure

A

Rabbit/Human Plasma (Coagulase reacting factor) added in culture broth - CRF -coagulase complex - activates Fibrinogen - leads to clotting of plasma

43
Q

Typing done in Staph aureus

A

Phage Typing - Phage 80/81A
Phage 3 - MRSA
Gonotypic Typing - Pulsefield Gel electrophoresis

44
Q

Treatment of Staphylococcus infection

A

Penicillin (Beta lactams)
Methicillin
Vancomycin

45
Q

Resistance develops against beta lactams due to

A

By Beta lactamase production (BLA gene and transferred by Plasmid)

46
Q

Most common method of beta lactam resistance

A

Transduction > Conjugation

47
Q

In case of Penicillin resistance, which drug can be used

A

Methicillin

48
Q

Methicillin resistance develops due to which gene

A

Mec A gene (Chromosomally mediated)

49
Q

Diagnosis of MRSA is done by

A

Dilution broth (Best)
If MIC Cefoxitin >8microgm/L or
MIC Oxacillin >4mircrogm/L
Other methods - Cefoxitin/Oxacillin disc Diffusion agar
Latex agglutination for PBP2a
ELISA or PCE for MecA gene

50
Q

Most common method of MRSA Spread

A

Hands of healthcare workers

51
Q

How to eliminate MRSA infection

A

Nasal Carriers - Ointment Muprocin
Other - Chlorhexidine washes
Precaution - Hand washing

52
Q

Which drug can be used in case of MRSA

A

Vancomycin
Daptomycin

53
Q

Vancomycin resistant Staph aureus is associated with conversion of

A

Conversion of D-ala-D-ala to D-ala-D-lactate/serine

54
Q

Which gene is involved in development of VRSA

A

VAN-A gene

55
Q

Diagnosis of VISA(Vancomycin intermedius S. Aureus) and VRSA

A

VISA - MIC - 4-8microgm/L
VRSA - MIC - >16microgm/L

56
Q

Examples of Coagulase Negative staphylococcus

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus

57
Q

Which is most common Coagulase Negative staphylococcus

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

58
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis is mostly associated with which infection

A

Prosthetic valve endocarditis

59
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus is associated with which infection

A

UTI

60
Q

Biofilm can be shown by which Coagulase Negative staphylococcus

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis
Biofilm protects bacteria against antibiotics

61
Q

Which Coagulase Negative staphylococcus is Novobiocin resistant or sensitive

A

S epidermidis - Sensitive
S saprophyticus - Resistant

Microbiology (37 decks)

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