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Microbiology > Streptococcacae > Flashcards

Streptococcacae Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Streptococcacae on Basis of Hemolysis

A

Alpha hemolysis
Beta hemolysis
Gamma hemolysis

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2
Q

Alpha hemolysis and color shown

A

Partial hemolysis
Green color

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3
Q

Alpha hemolysis include which organisms

A

V - S. Viridans
S. Pneumonia

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4
Q

Beta hemolysis and color shown

A

Complete hemolysis
Yellow color

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5
Q

Beta hemolysis is further classified on basis of

A

Lancefield Classification (C antigen)

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6
Q

Lancefield Classification

A

20 groups (A to V) - No I and J
Group A - S. Pyogenes
Group B - S. Agalactaie

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7
Q

Capsule of S. Pyogenes is made up of

A

Hyaluronic acid - cross react with synovial joints

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8
Q

Virulence factor of S pyogenes associated with cell wall

A

C antigen

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9
Q

Virulence factor of S pyogenes associated with outer membrane protein

A

M Protein - Similar to glycoproteins (Molecular mimicry)

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10
Q

Enzymes and toxins released by S pyogenes

A

Streptokinase - causes Fibrinolysis
Hyaluronidase - break Connective tissue
DNAase A, B, C ,D - DNAse B(M/I)
Hemolysin / Streptolysin
Streptococcal Pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE)
Serum opacity factor (SOF)

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11
Q

Types of Streptolysin/Hemolysin

A

Streptolysin -O
Streptolysin -S

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12
Q

Effect of O2 and heat on SL-O and SL-S

A

SL-O - Labile
SL-S - Stable

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13
Q

Which is antigenic - SL-O or SL-S

A

SL-O

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14
Q

Functions of SL-O and SL-S

A

SL-O - lethal, Cardiotoxic, Leucocidal
SL-S - Only Leucocidal

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15
Q

Hemolysis in SL-O and SL-S

A

SL-O - Deeper
SL-S : Surface

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16
Q

Types of Streptococcal Pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE)

A

A, B and C
A and C - Bacteriophage mediated
B - Chromosomal mediated

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17
Q

Streptococcal Pyrogenic exotoxin is associated with which diseases

A

Scarlet fever
Toxic Shock syndrome
Necrotizing Fascilitis

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18
Q

Suppurative Clinical features of Group A Streptococcal Infection

A

NIPPLES
N - Necrotizing Fascilitis
I - Impetigo
P - Pneumonia
P - Pharyngitis (Pain, Tender Cervical LN, No cough)
L - Lymphadenitis
E - Erysipelas
S - Streptococcal Toxic Shock syndrome, Scarlet fever

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19
Q

Erysipelas

A

Raised well demarcated, Painful red lesion (Superficial skin)

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20
Q

Clinical features of Scarlet fever

A

SCARLET fever
S - Sore throat
C - Circumoral Pallor
A - Antecubital fossa - Pastia line
R - Rash (Sandpaper)
L - Lymphadenopathy
E - Erythrogenic toxin (SPE)
T - Tongue (Strawberry)
Fever

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21
Q

Non suppurative Clinical features of Group A Streptococcal

A

PSGN
Rheumatic heart disease
PANDAS (Pediatric autoimmune Neuropsychiatric disorder associated with Streptococcus)

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22
Q

Transport media used for diagnosis of Group A Streptococcal

A

Pike’s media

23
Q

Blood Agar finding for group A Streptococcal Infection

A

Pin point colonies
Wide zone Hemolysis

24
Q

Selective media used for Diagnosis of group A Streptococcal

A

PNF
CVBA (Crystal Violet blood agar);
On Liquid media - Granular turbidity

25
Q

Biochemical test used for diagnosis of Group A Streptococcal

A

PYR test positive
Bacitracin positive
Catalase and Oxidase Negative

26
Q

Treatment of Group A Streptococcal Infection

A

Penicillin
Erythromycin in case of Resistance

27
Q

Group B Hemolytic Streptococcal Infection is caused by

A

S. Agalactaie

28
Q

Clinical features seen in Neonates (<1 week) associated with Group B streptococcus

A

i,iii,iv serotypes
Meningitis
Pneumonia
Sepsis

29
Q

Clinical features seen in older children (1 week - 3 months)

A

Serotype iii
Pneumonia
Endocarditis

30
Q

Lab diagnosis of Group B Hemolytic streptococcus

A

GALA CAMP HIP HIP HURRAY
GALA - Galactiae
CAMP - CAMP +ve
HIP HIP - Hippurate Hydrolysis +ve
huRRay - Resistant to Bacitracin
- Red/Orange pigment on Islam media

31
Q

Arrangement of S. Viridans and S. Pneumoniae

A

S Viridans - Chains
S Pneumonia - Lanceolate

32
Q

S. Pneumonia difference with S. Viridans

A

S. Pneumonia is Bile Soluble, Optochin sensitive and show Inulin fermentation
Whereas S. Viridans is Bile insoluble, Optochin resistant and Inulin fermentation is not seen

33
Q

Streptococcus Viridans group includes

A

VIRAL MMS
S. Mitis
S. Mutans
S. Sangeris
S. Salivaris

34
Q

S. Mutans is known for causing

A

Dental carries

35
Q

S. Sangeris is known for causing

A

Late prosthetic valve endocarditis

36
Q

Which organism have both Capsule and Slime layer

A

S. Salivaris

37
Q

Virulence factors of S pneumoniae

A

Capsular polysaccharide

38
Q

Shape of S. Pneumoniae

A

Lens/Lanceolate shape
capsule +ve

39
Q

S Pneumoniae shows which colonies

A

Carrom coin colonies - elevated periphery and Depressed centres

40
Q

Carrom coin colonies are also termed as

A

Draughts Mann colony

41
Q

Treatment of S Pneumoniae infection

A

Beta lactams
If Resistance - 3rd gen Cephalosporins due to altered PBPs

42
Q

Most common method of Resistance development in S pneumonia

A

Transformation

43
Q

Clinical features shown by S pneumonia

A

Meningitis
Otitis media
Sinusitis
Community acquired pneumonia

44
Q

Most common cause of Meningitis across all age

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

45
Q

Gamma hemolysis includes

A

Group D non enterococcal
Enterococcus

46
Q

Example of Group D non enterococcal

A

S. Gallolyticus

47
Q

Example of Enterococcus

A

E. Faecalis
E. Faecium

48
Q

Prevention of Pneumococcus

A

Pneumovax
Prevnar

49
Q

Pneumovax vaccine

A

23 valent polysaccharide
Given to >5 years (immunity)
Not below 2 years

50
Q

Prevnar

A

13 valent polysaccharide
Below 2 years
2,4,6 month - 12 to 15 month booster

51
Q

Clinical features of Enterococcus infection

A

UTI (Catheter Associated infection)
Septicemia

52
Q

Agar used for diagnosis of Enterococcus

A

Bile Esculin Agar - Black color

53
Q

Enterococcus features

A

ENNNTER
E- Spectacle shaped Gram +ve cocci
N - Non motile
N - Non sporing
N - Nacl 6.5%
T - Heat tolerant
E - Bile Esculin agar
R - PYR +ve

54
Q

Treatment of Enterococcus

A

Penicillin
If Resistance - Vancomycin
If Resistance to Vancomycin - Linezolid

Microbiology (37 decks)

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