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AP Psych 1 > Chapter 3 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Light waves

A

Vary in wavelength

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2
Q

Light waves affect the perception of

A

Amplitude
Wavelength
Purity

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3
Q

Amplitude

A

Brightness

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4
Q

Wavelength

A

Color (hue)

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5
Q

Purity

A

Saturated

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6
Q

Light is registered by

A

Receptors in the eye

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7
Q

Focuses light rays falling on the retina

A

Lens

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8
Q

Regulates amount of light passing near the rear of the eye

A

Pupil

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9
Q

Neural tissue lining inside back surface of the eye

A

Retina

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10
Q

A hole int he retina that corresponds to blind spot

A

Optic disk

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11
Q

A tiny spot in center of retina where visual acuity is greatest

A

Fovea

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12
Q

Play key role in night and peripheral vision is greatly outnumber cones

A

Rods

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13
Q

Play a key role in day and color vision and provide greater acuity than rods

A

Cones

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14
Q

Collections of rods and cones that funnel signals to specific visual cells in the retina or the brain

A

Receptive fields

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15
Q

Makes visual system sensitive to contrast rather than absolute levels of light

A

Lateral antagonism

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16
Q

Handles perception of color

A

Parvocellular channel

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17
Q

Processes information regarding brightness

A

Magnocellular channel

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18
Q

Handles coordination of usual input with other sensory input

A

Second visual pathway

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19
Q

Located in occipital lobe handles initial cortical processing of visual cortex that respond reletively to specific features of complex stimuli

A

Primary visual cortex

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20
Q

Neurons in the visual cortex that respond selectively to specific features of complex stimuli

A

Feature detectors

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21
Q

“Where” pathway

A

Dorsal stream

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22
Q

“What” pathway

A

Ventral stream

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23
Q

A discrepancy between the appearance of a visual stimulus and its physical reality

A

Defined

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24
Q

Works by removing some wavelength of light, leaving less light

A

Subtractive color mixing

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25
Q

Works by putting more light in the mixture than any one light

A

Additive color mixing

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26
Q

Holds that the eye has three groups of receptors seisive to wavelengths

A

Trichromatic Theory

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27
Q

Blue
Red
Green

A

Trichromatic theory

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28
Q

Receptors make antagonistic responses to each 3 pairs of colors; members in each par work in opposition to each other

A

Opponent Process theory

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29
Q

Normal color vision; 3 functioning cone systems (Red/Green, Yellow/Blue, White/Black)

A

Trichromat

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30
Q

2 functioning system, usually black/white and yellow/blue

A

Dichromat

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31
Q

1 functioning system; color blind; can only see in black/white; and shades of grey; occurs twice as often in males that females

A

Monochromat

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32
Q

Carried on x gene

A

Color-blindness

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33
Q

Detecting specific elements and assembling them into complex forms - Gestalt principles

A

Feature Analysis

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34
Q

Viewers tend to supply missing elements to close or complete a figure

A

Closure

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35
Q

Elements that are close to one another tend to be grouped together

A

Proximity

36
Q

Viewers tend to organize elements in the simplest way possible

A

Simplicity

37
Q

Viewers tend to see elements in ways that produce smooth continuation

A

Continuity

38
Q

Form perception often involves

A

Perceptual hypotheses

39
Q

Inferences about distal stimuli that could be responsible for

A

Stimuli sensed

40
Q

Cues about distance based on differing views of the two eyes

A

`Binocular depth cues

41
Q

R and Lest eyes see slightly different views of objects w/in 25 feet

A

Retinal disparity

42
Q

Clues about distance based on images in either eye alone

A

Monocular depth cues

43
Q

Monocular clues that can be given in a flat picture

A

Pictorial clues

44
Q

Parallel lines that run away from the viewer seem to get closer together

A

Linear perspective

45
Q

As distance increases, texture gradually becomes denser and less distinct

A

Texture gradient

46
Q

Shapes of near objects overlap/mask those of more distant ones

A

Interposition

47
Q

If separate objects are expected to be the same size, the larger ones are seen as closer

A

Relative size

48
Q

Near objects are low in a visual field; more distant ones are higher up

A

Height in a plane

49
Q

Patterns of light and dark suggest shadows can create impression of 30 forms

A

Light and Shadow

50
Q

Loud

A

Amplitude

51
Q

Wavelength

A

Pitch

52
Q

Purity

A

Tinder

53
Q

External ear’s sound collecting cone

A

Pinna

54
Q

Taut membrane at the end of auditory canal that vibrates in response to sound waves

A

Eardrum

55
Q

3 tiny bones in middle ear that convert eardrum’s vibrations into smaller motions

A

Ossicles

56
Q

Fluid-filled coiled tunnel housing inner ear’s neural tissue

A

Chochlea

57
Q

Holds hair cells that serve as auditory receptors

A

Basilar membrane

58
Q

Perception of pitch depends on portion of Basilar Membrane vibrated

A

Place Theory

59
Q

Place Theory

A

Von Helmholtz

60
Q

Perception of pitch depends on basilar membrane’s rate of vibration

A

Frequency theory

61
Q

Explain pitch perception

A

Place Theory AND Frequency Theory

62
Q

Involves locating source of sounds in space

A

Auditory Localization

63
Q

Studies the relationship between stimulation in environment and how that is perceived

A

Psychophysics

64
Q

Smallest amount of stimulation detectable

A

Absolute threshold

65
Q

Smallest amount of change in stimulation detectable

A

Difference Threshold (JND)

66
Q

The size of a JND is a constant proportion of size of initial stimulus

A

Weber’s Law

67
Q

Detection of stimuli involves decision processes as well as sensory processes

A

Signal detection theory

68
Q

Registration of sensory input without conscious awareness; a genuine phenomenon, but effects tend to be weak

A

Subliminal Perception

69
Q

Gilby’s gin advertising sex

A

Subliminal perception

70
Q

Gradual decline in sensitivity to a stimulus with prolonged stimulation

A

Sensory adaptation

71
Q

Taste cells absorb chemicals in ____ and trigger enuroal impulses routed through ___

A

Saliva; thalamus

72
Q

Taste buds sensitive to

A

4 basic tastes

73
Q

4 basic tastes

A

Sweet
Bitter
Sour
Savory (unami)

74
Q

Largely influenced and heavily shaped by social process

A

Taste preferences

75
Q

Have more taste buds and are more sensitive than others to certain sweet and bitter substances

A

Super tasters

76
Q

Absorb chemicals in nose and trigger neural impulses

A

Olfactory cilia

77
Q

Only sensory system not routed through the thalamus

A

Smell

78
Q

Most respond to more than one odor

A

Olfactory receptors

79
Q

Difficulty attaching to odors

A

Names

80
Q

sensory receptors in skin respond to

A

Pressure
Temperature
Pain

81
Q

Pain signals travel along fast pathway that registers

A

Localized pain

82
Q

Pain signals travel along slow pathway that registers

A

Less localized pain sensations

83
Q

Pain is

A

Subjective to cultural variations

84
Q

Receptors monitor position of various parts of the body

A

Kinesthetic System

85
Q

Receptors provide information about body’s location in space

A

Vestibular System

AP Psych 1 (34 decks)

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