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AP Psych 1 > CHAPTER 8 Vocab > Flashcards

CHAPTER 8 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

The need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others, and to meet high standards of excellence

A

Achievement motive

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2
Q

An inherited characteristic that increased in a population because it helped solve a problem of survival or reproduction during the time it emerged

A

Adaptation

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3
Q

The need to associate with others and maintain social bonds

A

Affiliation motive

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4
Q

The principle class of gonadal hormones in males

A

Androgens

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5
Q

One or more premises used to provide support for a conclusion

A

Arguments

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6
Q

Premises for which no proof or evidence is offered

A

Assumptions

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7
Q

Orientations that locate object of thought on dimensions of judgement

A

Attitudes

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8
Q

The system of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands

A

Autonomic nervous system

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9
Q

Persons who seek emotional-sexual relationships with members of either sex

A

B I S E X U A L S

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10
Q

Weight (in kilos) divided by height (in meters) squared

A

BMI

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11
Q

Putting group goals ahead of personal goals nd defining one’s identity in terms of the groups one belongs to

A

Collectivism

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12
Q

The percentage of win pairs or other pairs of relative that exhibit the same disorder

A

Concordance rate

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13
Q

Behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward members of a group

A

Discrimination

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14
Q

Cultural norms that regulate the appropriate expressions of emotions

A

Display rules

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15
Q

An internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce the tension

A

Drive

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16
Q

A subjective conscious experience (the cognitive component) accompanied by bodily arousal (the physiological component) and by characteristic overt expressions (behavioural component)

A

Emotion

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17
Q

the principal class of gonadal hormones in females

A

Estrogens

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18
Q

People who tend to be interested in the external world of people and things

A

Etraverts

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19
Q

The largest and most complicated region of the brain - encompassing a variety of structures including the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum

A

Forebrain

20
Q

An increase in the electrical conductivity of the skin that occurs when sweat glands increase their activity

A

Galvanic skin response (GSR)

21
Q

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy

A

Glucose

22
Q

Neurons sensitive to glucose in the surrounding fluid

A

Glucostats

23
Q

An effect that occurs when the mental scale that people use to judge the pleasantness-unpleasantness of their experience shifts so that their neutral point or baseline for comparison changes

A

Hedonic adaptation

24
Q

Persons who seek emotional-sexual relationships with members of the other sex

A

Heterosexual

25
Q

A state of physiological equilibrium or stability

A

Homeostasis

26
Q

Persons who seek emotional-sexual relationships with members of the same sex

A

Homosexual

27
Q

A structure found near the base of the forebrain that is involved in the regulation of basic biological needs

A

Hypothalamus

28
Q

An external goal that has the capacity to motivate behaviour

A

Incentive

29
Q

Putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships

A

Individualism

30
Q

Polygraph

A

Lie detector

31
Q

Goal-directed behavior

A

Motivation

32
Q

The condition of being overweight

A

Obesity

33
Q

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that generally conserves bodily resources

A

The branch of the autonomic nervous system generally conserves bodily resources

34
Q

What each sex in terms time, energy, survival risk, and forgone opportunities to produce and nurture offspring

A

Parental investment

35
Q

An individual’s unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits

A

Personality

36
Q

The master gland of the endocrine system; it releases fa great variety of hormones that fan out through the body, stimulating actions in the other endocrine glands

A

Pituitary gland

37
Q

A device that records autonomic fluctuations while a subject is questioned in an effort to determine whether the subjects is telling the truth

A

Polygraph

38
Q

The reasons presented to persuade someone that a conclusion that is true or probably true

A

Premises

39
Q

Psychological tests that ask, subjects to respond vague ambiguous stimuli ways that reveal the subjects’ needs feelings, and personality traits

A

Projective traits

40
Q

The idea that weight tends to drift around a level at which the constellation of factors that determine food consumption and energy expenditure achieve an equilibrium

A

Settling point theory

41
Q

The idea the bod monitors fat-cell levels to keep them (and weight) fairy stable

A

Set point theory

42
Q

A person’s preference for emotional sexual relationships with individuals of the same sex, the other sex, or either sex

A

Sexual orientation

43
Q

Individuals’ perceptions of their overall happiness and life satisfaction

A

Subjective well-being

44
Q

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body’s resources for emergencies

A

Sympathetic division

45
Q

A structure in the forebrain through which all sensory (except smell) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex

A

Thalamus

46
Q

Engorgement of blood vessels

A

Vasocongestion

AP Psych 1 (34 decks)

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