6. Radioactivity Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure of an atom

A

A positively charged nucleus, surrounded by negatively charged electrons

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2
Q

What makes up most of the mass of an atom?

A

The nucleus—protons and neutrons

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3
Q

Approximately how big are atoms

A

0.1 nm

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4
Q

Approximately how big or small molecules?

A

0.2 nm

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5
Q

Which number tells you the number of protons?

A

Atomic number

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6
Q

Which number tells you the number of nucleons?

A

Mass number

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7
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

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8
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

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9
Q

Charge of a proton

A

+1

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10
Q

Charge of a neutron

A

0

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11
Q

Charge of an electron

A

-1

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12
Q

Why are atoms neutral?

A

The number of positive protons equals the same number of negative electrons

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13
Q

What happens when atoms absorb or an emit electromagnetic radiation?

A

Electrons change orbit

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14
Q

How can atoms form positive ions?

A

By loosing radiation

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15
Q

Give origin of three background radiation

A

Cosmic rays, rocks and soil, living things

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16
Q

What are alpha particles

A

Helium nucleus to protons and two neutrons

17
Q

What is a beta particle?

A

An electron admitted from the nucleus

18
Q

What is a gamma ray

A

Electromagnetic radiation

19
Q
A