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Health Assessment NUR 202 > CH 14: Head, Face, Neck, and Regional Lymphatics > Flashcards

CH 14: Head, Face, Neck, and Regional Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

what are the cranial bones?

A

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal

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2
Q

what are the 3 salivary glands?

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

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3
Q

can you palpate salivary glands?

A

no

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4
Q

where is the parotid gland?

A

in the cheeks above mandible
*largest of the 3

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5
Q

where is the submandibular gland?

A

beneath mandible at jaw angle

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6
Q

where is the sublingual gland?

A

in the floor of the mouth

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7
Q

major neck muscles?

A

sternomastoid
trapezius

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8
Q

what kind of gland in the thyroid?

A

endocrine with rich blood supply

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9
Q

what does the thyroid gland secrete?

A

T4 and T3
*hormones that stimulate cell metabolism rate

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10
Q

where is the thyroid located?

A

straddles trachea in middle of neck

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11
Q

what is the thyroid cartilage?

A

small notch (Adam’s apple), the cricoid cartilage, and the Isthmus (thyroid gland)

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12
Q

how do you palpate the thyroid gland?

A

patient tilts head while you push gland to same side

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13
Q

what is the thyroid gland’s shape?

A

butterfly

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14
Q

do you palpate the lymph nodes with one or two hands?

A

two, symmetrically
*except for submental

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15
Q

what is goiter?

A

enlargement

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16
Q

preauricular location?

A

in front of ear

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17
Q

posterior auricular (mastoid) location?

A

behind ear

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18
Q

occipital location?

A

behind ear towards base of skull

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19
Q

submental location?

A

bottom/tip of chin

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20
Q

submandibular location?

A

under mandible along jaw line

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21
Q

jugulodigastric location?

A

below where earlobe connects to face and above mandible angle

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22
Q

superficial cervical location?

A

on neck, back from mandible angle

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23
Q

deep cervical location?

A

below mandible angle down to clavicle

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24
Q

posterior cervical location?

A

above and back from clavicle

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25
Q

supraclavicular location?

A

directly above clavicle

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26
Q

lymph node drainage direction?

A

down

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27
Q

where can you assess lymph nodes? (4 areas)

A

head and neck
arms
axillae
inguinal

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28
Q

where is the greatest supply of lymph nodes?

A

head and neck

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29
Q

lymphatics is a major part of what system?

A

immune

30
Q

what do lymphatics detect and eliminate?

A

foreign substances (viruses, bacteria, etc)
*prevents potentially harmful substances from entering circulation through drainage

31
Q

how to assess/palpate lymph nodes?

A

pads of index fingers in circular motion

32
Q

in what order do you palpate lymph nodes?

A

preauricular
post auricular
occipital
submental
submandibular
jugulodigastric
superficial cervical
deep cervical chain
post cervical
supraclavicular

33
Q

normal lymph node findings?

A

freely movable
soft/non-tender
about 1 cm

34
Q

abnormal lymph node findings?

A

enlarged (>1cm)
warm
tender
bilateral ( normal is one sided)

35
Q

cancerous lymph node finding?

A

hard
unilateral (usually only one side)
non-tender
fixed (cannot move)

36
Q

what could a tracheal deviation indicate?

A

pneumothorax

37
Q

what is the leading cause of acute pain?

A

headache

38
Q

what therapy increases risk of vascular disease?

A

radiation

39
Q

what is a tension headache?

A

*most common
musculoskeletal origin
also called “stress headache”

40
Q

tension headache location?

A

forehead, sides, and back of head on both sides
(frontal, occipital, and temporal)
*imagine tight hat squeezing head

41
Q

tension headache characteristics?

A

bandlike tightness
non-throbbing
non-pulsatile

42
Q

tension headache duration?

A

gradual onset, lasts 30 mins to 7 days

43
Q

tension headache severity?

A

dull aching pain
mild-moderate

44
Q

tension headache timing?

A

situational response

45
Q

what is a migraine?

A

vascular origin, caused by trigeminal nerve

46
Q

migraine location?

A

typically on one side of head
pain usually behind eyes, temple, or forehead

47
Q

migraine characteristics?

A

throbbing, pulsating

48
Q

migraine duration?

A

rapid onset, peaks 1-2 hours, last 4-72 hours

49
Q

migraine severity?

A

moderate to severe pain

50
Q

which headache has an aura?

A

migraine

51
Q

what is a cluster headache?

A

intermittent, excruciating, unilateral, with autonomic signs

52
Q

cluster headache location?

A

always one sided, behind or around eye/temple

53
Q

cluster headache characteristics?

A

continuous sharp, burning, piercing, excruciating pain

54
Q

cluster headache duration?

A

abrupt onset, peaks in minutes, lasts 15-180 minutes

55
Q

cluster headache severity?

A

can occur multiple times per day in “clusters”, can last weeks
severe pain

56
Q

cluster headache timing?

A

1-8 per day for weeks or months followed by remission for months or years

57
Q

when do cluster headaches most often occur?

A

at night, waking from sleep

58
Q

what is congenital torticollis?

A

hematoma in sternomastoid muscle
result: head tilted to one side and limited neck ROM to opposite side

59
Q

what is a simple diffuse goiter?

A

endemic goiter due to iodine deficiency
result: chronic thyroid gland enlargement

60
Q

what is a thyroid multinodular goiter?

A

multiple nodules enlarged

61
Q

pilar cyst?

A

benign growth presents as smooth, fluctuant swelling on scalp

62
Q

what is parotid gland enlargement?

A

rapid, painful enlargement
in response to: mumps, duct blockage, abscess, tumor

63
Q

Grave’s disease physical presentation?

A

-enlargement
-eyelid retraction
-exophthalmos (bulging eyes)
*hyperthyroidism
-may be hot, tachycardic, weight loss bc high metabolic rate

64
Q

hypothyroidism physical presentation?

A

puffy look
-coarse facial features
-periorbital edema
-can have weight gain, lethargy, fatigue

65
Q

acromegaly?

A

big head, big nose, coarse features

66
Q

cushing syndrome?

A

“moonlike” face, red cheeks, hirsutism
-can be from long term steroids, COPD, transplant pts, autoimmune)
-caused by increased ACTH

67
Q

bells palsy?

A

one sided facial paralysis (vertical)
-result of lesion on CN7 (facial nerve)
-lower motor neuron (peripheral)

68
Q

stroke/brain attack?

A

lesion leading to lower facial muscle paralysis
-caused by upper motor neuron (central) lesion
-stroke or blood clot

69
Q

differentiate stroke/CVA and bells?

A

stroke/CVA can still wrinkle forehead and close eyes

70
Q

parkinson syndrome?

A

“masklike” appearance, elevated eyebrows, staring gaze, oily skin, drooling from dopamine deficiency

caused by dopamine decrease and basal ganglia degeneration

71
Q

cachectic appearance?

A

sunken eyes, hollow cheeks, defeated expression
-accompanies chronic wasting diseases

Health Assessment NUR 202 (17 decks)

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