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health assessment nur 202 > CH: 21 Peripheral Vascular and Lymphatic System > Flashcards

CH: 21 Peripheral Vascular and Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

arteries in arm?

A

brachial
radial
ulnar

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2
Q

major artery in arm?

A

brachial

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3
Q

ulnar is deep and harder to?

A

palpate

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4
Q

where do ulnar and radial arteries supply?

A

hands

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5
Q

arteries of the leg?

A

femoral
popliteal
dorsalis pedis
posterior tibial

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6
Q

major leg artery?

A

femoral

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7
Q

IV’s are placed in?

A

venous

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8
Q

right JVD reflects?

A

heart

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9
Q

do veins have pulse?

A

no

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10
Q

does venous or arterial have lower pressure?

A

venous

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11
Q

severed artery vs vein?

A

vein will bleed less bc of lack of pressure

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12
Q

what can edema be a build up of?

A

water
lymph
blood

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13
Q

deep veins in leg?

A

femoral
popliteal

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14
Q

superficial veins in leg?

A

great saphenous
small saphenous

connecting veins?
perforators

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15
Q

what does the carotid pulse signify?

A

central perfusion
*should be strong

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16
Q

venous system valves open due to?

A

pressure, returns based on opening/closing of valves
*not like heart which has electrical pulsations

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17
Q

lymphatics return excess fluid to?

A

bloodstream

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18
Q

2 major ducts?

A

right lymphatic
thoracic

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19
Q

function of lymphatics?

A

filters
absorbs fat
fluid maintenance
big part of immune system (lots of macrophages through lymphs)

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20
Q

where is the main lymph system?

A

inguinal
*also in axillary, neck, and under chin

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21
Q

is it normal to palpate nodes?

A

no
*can be normalish after infection or autoimmune

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22
Q

what do nodes feel like?

A

small
oval groups
1cm

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23
Q

how would a node look if it is responding to pathogen?

A

local inflammation
swollen
tender

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24
Q

how to assess a lymph node?

A

circular motion

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25
Q

4 body regions with palpable nodes?

A

cervical
inguinal
axillary
epitrochlear

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26
Q

cervical nodes supply?

A

head and neck

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27
Q

axillary nodes supply?

A

upper arm and breasts

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28
Q

epitrochlear nodes supply?

A

hand and lower arms

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29
Q

inguinal nodes supply?

A

groin and lower extremities

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30
Q

where is the epitrochlear node located?

A

elbow crack, next to brachial pulse

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31
Q

what other organs aid lymphatics? (4)

A

tonsils
thymus gland
spleen
bone marrow

32
Q

what can cause one limb to be bigger than another?

A

accidents, bypass, big surgeries

33
Q

when is pulse checking extra important?

A

after vascular procedures
*pre and post angiograms

34
Q

lymph node enlargement occurs with?

A

infection
cancer
malignancy
immune disease

35
Q

what is the modified allen test?

A

assess the flow and circulation of radial and ulnar
*hold pressure on both arteries, let go of ulnar artery and see if hand gets perfusion

36
Q

where are blood gases drawn from?

A

arterial

37
Q

do we put meds in arterial lines?

A

never, always in veins

38
Q

where do you usually check pulse?

A

radial
*if thready, move up and check brachial

39
Q

if you cannot feel radial pulse, you can use?

A

doppler

40
Q

where does blood shunt when BP is low?

A

brain
lungs
organs

41
Q

radial is an extra alternate of blood to get to?

A

hand
*important because we can now do heart caths in right radial

42
Q

where do you feel femoral pulse?

A

in groin

43
Q

if pain or cramping in legs when walking but stops hurting after stopping walking for 5 mins what is it called?

A

claudication
*sign of lack of blood flow
*extremity pallor when lifted and rubor when put down

44
Q

when exercising, what do we need more of?

A

oxygenated blood

45
Q

when exercising:
dealing with heart and lungs they will be _____, dealing with vascular system they will be_____?

A

shortness of breath
cramping or pain bc lack of oxygen

46
Q

sudden redness and swelling that is ipsilateral?

A

could mean DVT
*can happen in arms, legs

47
Q

DVT risk factors?

A

immobility
fractures or high risk of fractures
post surgery, especially ortho
hormones
cancer (any hypercoagulable state)
genetic disorders

48
Q

biggest risk from DVT?

A

traveling to lungs
*its in venous system

49
Q

treatment for blood clot?

A

blood thinners/anticoagulants
-coumadin, apixaban, rivaroxaban, heparin
injectable: lovenox

50
Q

what test done for heparin?

A

PTT
*dosed based on weight

51
Q

IV vs SUBQ heparin?

A

IV: full anticoagulant
SUBQ: prophylactic (preventative)

52
Q

why do you need a tape measure with peripheral vascular disease?

A

to measure circumference

53
Q

what is compartment syndrome?

A

fluid leaks into tissue
can get so tight that it compromises circulation

54
Q

for what procedure do we use contrast dye in arteries?

A

angiograms

55
Q

heart caths common in which artery?

A

femoral
*especially if pt had bypass (won’t usually go through radial)

56
Q

what are we looking for during manual compression tests?

A

varicose veins
*any venous insufficiencies

57
Q

what are we looking at with ABIs?

A

whats the BP in the ankle vs the brachial
*abnormal can signify peripheral vascular disease in legs
*used to assess blood flow, should be around 1

58
Q

water-hammer pulse? (corrigans)

A

3+ and collapses suddenly

59
Q

pulsus bigeminus?

A

premature ventricular complex
*normal QRS followed by wide QRS
*normal heart beat followed by abnormal firing
*quick pulse

60
Q

pulsus paradoxus?

A

BP drops with deep inspiration
*assess with continuous arterial monitoring
systolic pressure will drop by 10 mmHg

61
Q

what is Raynaud’s syndrome?

A

less perfusion to hands due to vasoconstriction
*pallor, coldness, decreased cap refill
*usually constricted when cold or stressed

62
Q

what is lymphedema?

A

enlarged extremity from lymph system not functioning properly

63
Q

ischemic ulcer?

A

dry, more likely to be gangrenous
*arteriosclerosis

64
Q

what causes ischemic ulcers?

A

fatty plaque buildup that hardens/calcifies arterial walls
ex. smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension

65
Q

venous ulcer?

A

wet, require changes
*stasis

66
Q

depress _____ ulcers and elevate _____ ulcers?

A

depress ischemic (promote blood flow to extremities)
elevate stasis (promote blood flow back to heart)

67
Q

______ ulcer = deep muscle pain
______ ulcer = aching pain

A

deep: arterial ischemia
aching: venous stasis

68
Q

_____ ulcer = lower leg edema
_____ ulcer = intermittent claudication

A

edema: venous stasis
claudication: arterial ischemia

69
Q

_____ ulcer = coolness in affected area and pallor
_____ ulcer = irregular borders and brown discoloration

A

coolness and pallor: arterial ischemia
borders and brown: venous stasis

70
Q

_____ ulcer = granulation
_____ ulcer = malnutrition signs

A

granulation: venous stasis
malnutrition: arterial ischemia

71
Q

_____ ulcer = distal gangrene
_____ ulcer = thickened skin

A

gangrene: arterial ischemia
thickened skin: venous stasis

72
Q

_____ ulcer = diminished pulse
_____ ulcer = normal pulse

A

diminished: arterial ischemia
normal: venous stasis

73
Q

always check wound ____?

A

circulation
*in order to heal

74
Q

what is an aneurysm?

A

outpouching of vessel wall (weakening)
*blood can pool

75
Q

most concerning/life threatening aneurysms?

A

abdominal or brain
*can burst and impede blood flow to body

76
Q

what affects aneurysms?

A

blood pressure
*in arterial system

health assessment nur 202 (17 decks)

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