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Lab Med > Women's & Men's Health > Flashcards

Women's & Men's Health Flashcards

1
Q

what 3 hormones are secreted by the ovaries?

A

estrogen
progesterone
inhibin

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2
Q

what 2 hormones are released by the testes?

A

testosterone
inhibin

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3
Q

what hormone does the hypothalamus release?

A

GnRH

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4
Q

what hormones does the anterior pituitary release?

A

FSH
LH

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5
Q

in the menstrual cycle, what is the follicular phase also called?

A

proliferative phase

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6
Q

in the menstrual cycle, what is the luteal phase also called?

A

secretory phase

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7
Q

what days of the menstrual cycle does the period occur?

A

days 1-7

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8
Q

what days of the menstrual cycle does the proliferative phase occur?

A

days 7-13

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9
Q

what day in the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?

A

day 14

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10
Q

which hormone is highest during the follicular phase?

A

estrogen

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11
Q

which hormone is highest during the luteal phase?

A

progesterone

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12
Q

which hormone triggers ovulation?

A

LH

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13
Q

abnormality in the gland itself

A

primary

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14
Q

abnormality in the stimulation of the pituitary that leads to no FSH or LH

A

secondary

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15
Q

abnormality in stimulation from the hypothalamus that leads to no GnRH

A

tertiary

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16
Q

what is the rate at which andropause occurs?

A

gradual

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17
Q

what is the rate at which menopause occurs?

A

rapid

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18
Q

condition that is characteristic of excess androgen (testosterone)

A

hyperandrogenism

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19
Q

condition characterized by the presence of excess terminal hair in androgen-dependent areas (face)

A

hirsutism

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20
Q

what is the most common cause of hirsutism?

A

familial or idiopathic

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21
Q

condition that presents as loss of female sexual characteristics

A

virilization

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22
Q

condition of diminished functional activity of the gonads

A

hypogonadism

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23
Q

what does low estrogen effect in females?

A

ovulation

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24
Q

what does low testosterone effect?

A

spermatogenesis

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25
Q

what is the most common cause of hypogonadism in women?

A

menopause

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26
Q

what is the most common genetic cause of hypogonadism in women and men, respectively?

A

women - turner syndrome
men - klinefelter syndrome (XXY genotype)

27
Q

what lab tests can be drawn to check for hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and virilization?

A

testosterone
DHEAS

28
Q

what lab test can be checked for hypogonadism?

A

prolactin

29
Q

what are clinical signs of hypogonadism in males? (2)

A

decreased testicle size
decreased sperm count

30
Q

absence or abnormal cessation of the menses

A

amenorrhea

31
Q

what are 3 causes of secondary amenorrhea?

A

pregnancy
lactation
menopause

32
Q

the consistent inability to achieve and maintain a penile erection for sexual intercourse over 3 months

A

erectile dysfunction

33
Q

what is erectile dysfunction also known as?

A

impotence

34
Q

what are 2 ways to manage erectile dysfunction?

A

hormone replacement therapy
medications to increase blood flow

35
Q

what is the most common hormone disorder among women of reproductive age?

A

PCOS

36
Q

a condition that has high levels of androgens (testosterone or DHEA) that disrupts ovulation

A

PCOS

37
Q

enlargement of the breast tissue in men

A

gynecomastia

38
Q

when should we consider breast cancer in men with gynecomastia?

A

nipple drainage presence

39
Q

what 2 levels can be tested in gynecomastia?

A

testosterone
estrogen

40
Q

the most potent/active form of the hormone estrogen, is the most tested, and primarily produced by the ovaries

A

E2

41
Q

what is the major role of estradiol 2?

A

sexual function

42
Q

when should I test estradiol 2 levels?

A

near ovulation

43
Q

hormone produced and stored in the anterior pituitary that increases with age and helps differentiate between primary and secondary deficiency

A

FSH

44
Q

what is the major role of FSH in females? (2)

A

stimulates ovarian follicles to produce eggs
controls menstrual cycle

45
Q

what is the major role of FSH in males? (2)

A

produces and transports sperm
determines sperm count

46
Q

what day of the menstrual cycle should FSH be tested

A

day 3

47
Q

hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that increases with age, and is used to determine ovulation and infertility

A

LH

48
Q

what is LH major role in females?

A

controls menstrual cycle
triggers ovulation

49
Q

what is LH major role in males? (2)

A

stimulates testosterone
stimulates sperm production

50
Q

what is the best time in the menstrual cycle to test LH levels?

A

midcycle / ovulation / day 14

51
Q

hormone produced by gonads and adrenals, and is used to confirm ovulation, evaluate corpus luteum function, and assess risk for spontaneous abortion

A

progesterone

52
Q

what is progesterone’s major role in females? (2)

A

prepares body for pregnancy
promotes sex drive

53
Q

what is progesterone’s major role in males?

A

helps produce testosterone
promotes sex drive

54
Q

what day in the menstrual cycle should progesterone levels be checked?

A

day 21 (midluteal)

55
Q

what hormone is used to evaluate fertility and levels depend on circadian changes

A

prolactin

56
Q

what is prolactin’s major role in females?

A

initiates/maintains lactation

57
Q

what do prolactin levels depend on?

A

estrogen levels

58
Q

when is the best time to check prolactin levels?

A

early morning

59
Q

hormone produced by the gonads and adrenals, and exists in circulation as bound or free

A

testosterone

60
Q

what is testosterone’s major role in males?

A

develops male sex characteristics
promotes libido

61
Q

when is the best time to check for testosterone levels?

A

early morning

62
Q

hormone that stimulates childbirth and promotes bonding between mother and baby

A

oxytocin

63
Q

hormone that regulates FSH and LH levels, controlling hormone balance

A

inhibin

Lab Med (19 decks)

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