gi tract pdf

Question 1

who was the founder of the “science of nutrition”

Answer 1

Lavoisier (1743-1794)

Question 2

how many nutrients required in animal and human diets

Answer 2

40+

Question 3

nutrition

Answer 3

a science which deals with processes by which an animal takes in and utilizes food substances through various chemical reactions and physiological processes

Question 4

nutrients

Answer 4

a food substance or group of food substances of similar chemical composition which aids in the support of animal life

Question 5

what are the needs for nutrients

Answer 5

maintenance, growth (fattening), production (wool, eggs), reproduction (gestation and lactation), work

Question 6

3 goals for animal agriculture

Answer 6

provide food for people, stabilize and improve the health and welfare of people through nutrition, increase the efficiency of animal production to meet world food needs

Question 7

GI Tract is

Answer 7

the gastrointestinal tract, and is complex physiologically and anatomically.

Question 8

how far does the G.I. tract extend

Answer 8

mouth to anus

Question 9

what are the functions of the G.I. tract

Answer 9

digestion, absorption, protection (microorganisms, noxious substances), remove undigested material and waste, immuneological function, Endocrine function (hormones)

Question 10

monogastrics

Answer 10

chicken, pigs , turkeys, dogs, cats

Question 11

ruminants

Answer 11

beef cattle, dairy cattle, goats, sheep, deer

Question 12

hind gut fermentors

Answer 12

horses, rabbits, ostrich

Question 13

3 structures of mouth

Answer 13

teeth (do mastication), tongue do mixing and moving feed), saliva glands (salvation)

Question 14

esophagus

Answer 14

transports food from mouth to stomach or rumen , muscular tube (starts as striated muscle and changes to smooth, ruminants = regurgitation, cardiac sphincter (valve at the junction of stomach that prevents regurgitation of food)

Question 15

are dogs and ruminants turned smooth

Answer 15

no dogs and ruminants are striated through

Question 16

parts of the small intestine

Answer 16

duodenum (pancreatic and bile duct enter here, jejunum (middle segment), ileum (last segment)

Question 17

what does the small intestine do

Answer 17

regulates ingest movement into large intestine (movement by peristalesis), major site of digestion and absorbtion

Question 18

absorption

Answer 18

transfer of nutrients from SI to blood stream like protein, carbs, fat-soluble, vitamins like A, D, E and K, and minerals like Ca, P, Mg, Zn

Question 19

where is a major source of enzymes

Answer 19

from the pancreatic glands

Question 20

what do pancreatic enzymes do

Answer 20

they are released partially into the duodenum and digest large proteins, CHO’s and fat molecules

Question 21

villi

Answer 21

simply increase the surface area for nutrient absorption in the small intestine

Question 22

bile

Answer 22

made in the liver, stored in the gall bladder (except in horses, deer, rats, and some birds), and active in the small intestine, emulsifies fat/lipids to aid in digestion

Question 23

large intestine parts

Answer 23

cecum (first section, size varies with species, highly active in hind gut fermentors) colon (middle section, largest part) rectum (last section, opens to the anus)

Question 24

what happens if there’s no water absorption in the large intestine

Answer 24

if none, diarrhea

Question 25

what stomach do ruminants have

Answer 25

a multi-comoartment stomach