unit 1 Macromolecules

Question 1

Lipids
Elements?
Types of monomers?
Hydrophobic/hydrophilic?
Example?

Answer 1

CHO

fatty acid and glycerol

Hydrophobic

oils, butter

Question 2

Carbohydrates
Elements?
Types of monomers?
Hydrophobic/hydrophilic?
Example?

Answer 2

CHO

Monosaccharide

Hydrophilic

bread, pasta

Question 3

Protein
Elements?
Types of monomers?
Hydrophobic/hydrophilic?
Example?

Answer 3

CHON

Amino acid

hydrophilic

Meats, protein powder

Question 4

Nucleic Acid
Elements?
Types of monomers?
Hydrophobic/hydrophilic?
Example?

Answer 4

CHONP

Nucleotides

Hydrophilic

DNA and RNA

Question 5

What are the 4 most abundant found living systems?

Answer 5

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon

Question 6

What is the role of Van Der Waals interactions in biological molecules?

Answer 6

Although they are weak bonds, van Der Waals interactions help to reinforce the three-dimensional shapes and stability of large molecules

Question 7

what is cohesion and adhesion how do they work together to bring water to the surface and through a plant’s stem? (capillary action)

Answer 7

Cohesion:2 of the same molecules form hydrogen bonds

Adhesion: 2 different molecules form hydrogen bonds

Adhesion allows for the water to stick to the organic tissues of plants or the soil particles and Cohesion keeps the water molecules together.

Question 8

Describe the Condensation reaction.

Answer 8

Condensation creates Macromolecules and Water

one of the OH groups and a H are joined together to produce water then covalent bonds are formed between the Carbon and the remaining Oxygen

resulting in a polymer and H2O

Question 9

Describe the Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 9

Hydrolysis uses water to break down macromolecules by cutting the covalent bonds in the polymers

water is also broken into its subcomponents OH and H and is added to form monomers

Question 10

What are monomers?
what is a polymer?

Answer 10

chemical subunits used to create polymers

a macromolecule made if of many monomers

Question 11

what are some key properties of monomers?

Answer 11

all monomers contain carbon and are used to make. macromolecules

Question 12

what is hydrogen bonding?

Answer 12

a weak bond interaction between the negative and positive regions of two separate molecules

Question 13

what does polar mean and how can covalent bonding result in polarity?

Answer 13

has an unequal sharing of electrons
there is a difference in the electronegativity

Question 14

what are ionic and covalent bonds?

Answer 14

ionic: attraction of ions that have opposite charges + gives away electron to -

covalent: sharing electrons in 2 atoms

Question 15

Would you say DNA is a polymer?

Answer 15

Yes because a polymer is made of many monomers and DNA contains several nucleotide bases which are monomers for Nucleic acids

Question 16

what is surface tension?

why is it important for organisms

Answer 16

a result of increased hydrogen bonding forces between water molecules at the surface

this is important for organisms because, for example, aquatic plants rest on water surface tension to gain access to the sun

Question 17

why is waters cohesive property important for organisms

Answer 17

allows for hydrogen to occur between water molecules when water is frozen it floats on top of the surface allowing organisms to survive in freezing climates