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AORB > Ch 4 Classifying Buildings - NFPA 220 > Flashcards

Ch 4 Classifying Buildings - NFPA 220 Flashcards

1
Q

Will burn, flammable

A

Combustible

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2
Q

Materials that have about 1/2 the heat potential of wood or not over 3500 BTU/lb

A

Limited-combustible

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3
Q

The length of time to burn through a given material, rated in minutes or hours

A

Fire resistance rating (FRR)

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4
Q

The length of time it takes to burn across the surface of a given material-rated in minutes or hours

A

Flame spread rating (FSR)

(Not “Fire”)

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5
Q

Having a fire resistance rating of at least one hour based on its structural elements or protective envelope for the structural elements

A

Protected

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6
Q

A material that when exposed, or can be exposed in its natural state to the effects of heat, and or fire, will cause a degradation of its structural integrity

A

Unprotected

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7
Q

In NFPA 220 this Arabic number indicates the fire resistance of the exterior bearing walls

A

The first number

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8
Q

In NFPA 220, this Arabic number indicates the structural frame.

A

The 2nd number

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9
Q

In NFPA 220 this Arabic number indicates the floor construction

A

The 3rd number

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10
Q

What are the three numbers for NFPA 220?

A
  1. exterior bearing walls
  2. structural frame
  3. floor construction

220 is your BFF

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11
Q

In Type 1 construction (442 or 332) how many ways can steel structural members be protected?

A

Four

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12
Q

What are the four ways steel structural members must be protected in Type 1 construction?

A
  1. fire resistive concrete
  2. gypsum board
  3. a coating material is sprayed on the steel (vermiculite)
  4. an intumescent fire resistant coating is applied to the steel and applied like paint (.5 in thick, can expand 15-30 times) (popular for exposed steel)
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13
Q

This type of construction can be often found in conventional and modern, mid to high-rise buildings (commercial and residential) hospitals, schools, shopping centers, airports, and other similar types of large buildings that are often associated with public assembly.

A

Type 1 Construction (442 or 332)

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14
Q

Three categories of Type 1 buildings

A
  • Center hallway
  • Center core
  • Combination of center core/center hallway configurations
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15
Q

These Type 1 buildings have stair shafts at either end of the building that is common to the hallways

A

Center hallway

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16
Q

These Type 1 buildings will place the elevators, stairs, and other necessary essentials in central core in the middle of a building with the hallways on each floor, arranged around the central core. These are referred to as “circuit hallways”.

A

Center core configuration

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17
Q

These Type 1 configurations are often found in larger buildings, and can have a center core with stairways and hallways that are common to the stair shafts at the ends of a building

A

Combination

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18
Q

Which type of construction should be those types in which the firewalls, structural elements, walls, arches, floors and roofs are approved non-combustible or limited combustible materials?

A

Type 1, Fire Resistive (442 or 332) OR Type 2, Noncombustible (222, 111, or 000)

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19
Q

In Type 2 construction, exterior walls fall into three general classifications:

A

Unreinforced masonry, reinforced masonry, and tilt-up or precast

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20
Q

A small space that is created when a roof is raised above the level of ceiling joists and rafters to provide a pitch for drainage. Common in older buildings (1800s and early 1900s)

A

Cock loft

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21
Q

A large space is created by a steep pitched roof arch, gable, etc) for drainage and or appearance. Normally large enough for storage, can be modified for additional living space and can contain HVAC

A

Attic

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22
Q

An attic space created by the open web nature of trusses. The voids can allow fire to easily extend in numerous directions

A

Truss loft

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23
Q

In this type of construction, the primary hazard is the combustible interior structural components and contents

A

Type 3

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24
Q

In this type of construction, the primary hazard is in the contents within the building

A

Type 1

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25
Q

What type of buildings are included in Type V?

(4)

A
  • stacked log
  • post and beam
  • balloon frame
  • western platform
    (conventional legacy and
    engineered wood)?
26
Q

Likely the oldest type V buildings found in America

A

Stacked log

27
Q

The strongest wood construction

A

Stacked log

28
Q

This is the weak portion of post and beam construction

A

Mortise and Tenon joints, particularly the Tenon

29
Q

This type of construction is known as Chicago construction?

A

Balloon frame

30
Q

Floor joists are attached to a ribbon board (a type of ledger) (or girts) with what type of construction?

A

Balloon frame

31
Q

The following characteristics are what type of construction:
- 2x 4’s, 16 inch on Center
- up to about three stories in height
- roof rafters spaced up to 3 feet on center

A

Balloon frame

32
Q

The two primary structural components of post and beam (aka pole barn)

A

Corner post and horizontal beams (aka girts/ribbon boards)

33
Q

This has become the most common type of wood construction

A

Platform construction

34
Q

Platform construction provides intrinsic fire stopping from two elements

A

1) Fire blocking in the exterior walls between floor and ceiling joists, and 2) the double plate at the top of each floor (double plate eliminates void spaces)

35
Q

Wood platform buildings can be subdivided into three categories

A

Conventional
Legacy
Engineered (lightweight)

(CLE)

36
Q

Conventional platform construction was typical from

A

1800s through the late 1940s

37
Q

The greatest fire spread concern in Conventional platform buildings is driven by:

A
  • Contents
  • Interior geometry (hall, stairs, etc.)
38
Q

This type of platform construction is characterized by the use of solid milled wood lumber for the assembly of wall studs, floor joists, roof trusses, joists, and rafters (as opposed to engineered wood)

A

Legacy platform (1950’s)

39
Q

Legacy and conventional platforms DIFFER in fire concerns with the advent of?

A
  • Larger spaces
  • Split levels
  • Use of more soffits
40
Q

Which type of platform construction uses a truss built only with solid wood and connections that are driven through the center mass of a joining spaces

A

Legacy - Craftsman built

41
Q

Failure rate of conventional/legacy floors and failure rate of lightweight construction

A

Conventional/legacy - 15 to 20 minutes
Lightweight 5 to 7 minutes

42
Q

This is nothing more than a continuation of a wall above a roofline, and can extend from 1 foot to 8 feet

A

Parapet wall

43
Q

To achieve familiarization and/or rapid size up, firefighters must invest in a three-step process:

A
  1. Pre-incident study
  2. Pre-fire familiarization of actual buildings
  3. On-scene pre-and post incident experience
44
Q

Type ____ through ____ can normally be easily identified from the street whereas type ___ and ____ can only be identified from the interior building, if at all.

A

3 through 5

1 and 2

45
Q

Wood platform buildings can be subdivided into three styles

A
  • Conventional (contents & geometry)
  • Legacy (trusses nails/staples) (difference between conv’l-geometry & size, soffits)
  • Engineered lightweight (glues, gusset plates)
46
Q

Of the 3 types of exterior walls in Type II, this is the most susceptible to collapse from expanding and failing steel structural members and can easily collapse outwards this distance

A

-Unreinforced Masonry
(URM)
- Twice its height

47
Q

The primary hazard to the UNPROTECTED STEEL in Type II buildings is ____

A

The contents within the building and their proximity to the steel structural members

48
Q

The name on the exterior of a commercial building is a ____ indicator of the contents

A

Great

49
Q

This should be a primary consideration in Type II multistory buildings, particularly residential and commercial residential buildings

A

Extension of fire and its by-products

50
Q

In Type III Construction, this is primary problem in mulitstory buildings, especially Type III commercial residential buildings

A

Vertical extension and it’s by-products (major contributor to loss of life)

51
Q

Dimensions for load-carrying wood Type IV

A
  • Floors columns- 8 in
  • Roofs/ceilings columns -
    6in wide
    8 in deep
  • Floors beams - 6 in wide
    10 in deep
  • Floors - 3 in thick
  • Roof deck - 2 in
52
Q

With Stacked Log construction, what is the weak link in the building?

A

Roof Decking

53
Q

NFPA uses a combination of numerals to define five types of building construction and the fire resistance of their primary structural components. The first designation is a ____ numeral that refers to the type of construction.

A

Roman

54
Q

The principal hazards within a Type II building are:

A
  • Combustible materials that compromise the roof, in combination with…
  • Contents
55
Q

These two items affect fire spread the most in Legacy platform buildings:

A
  • Interior contents
  • Geometry
56
Q

This type of platform construction relies on members of less than 2 x 4“ elements made from glued wood pieces, glue use for connection points, geometry in place of mass for structural members, and the concept of assembly building techniques to achieve strength.

A

Engineered wood platform

57
Q

The primary hazards for this type of platform construction are:

  • small-dimension lumber
  • metal hangers
  • plywood/OSB sheathing
A

Legacy

58
Q

The primary hazards for this type of platform construction are:

  • rapid fire spread due to milled and glued lumber
  • open web lightweight trusses
  • use of OSB
A

Engineered platform

59
Q

What is the primary fire spread and collapse concern for Stacked Log?

A

Incorporation of lightweight construction in the roof

60
Q

What is the primary PROBLEM in multistory buildings, especially Type III commercial residential buildings?

A

Vertical extension of fire in its byproducts

AORB (10 decks)

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