1.1.6 Break a leg Lab journal

Question 1

define radiology

Answer 1

a branch of medicine that uses imaging technology to diagnose and treat disease

Question 2

define fracture

Answer 2

A crack or break in a bone.

Question 3

define compression force

Answer 3

Compression force (or compressive force) occurs when a physical force presses inward on an object, causing it to become compacted.

Question 4

define osteoblasts

Answer 4

a bone-forming celld

Question 5

define osteoclasts

Answer 5

Any of the large multinucleate cells closely associated with areas of bone resorption (as in a fracture that is healing).

Question 6

define xrays

Answer 6

A type of radiation that uses electromagnetic waves.
Creates pictures of the inside of your body.
Images show the parts of your body in different shades of black and white

Question 7

Define ultrasounds

Answer 7

Imaging that uses sound waves to produce pictures of the inside of the body.

Question 8

Define MRI

Answer 8

imaging technique that forms pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body
MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the organs in the body

Question 9

What do Registered Technologist in Radiology do

Answer 9

perform x rays and other diagnostic imaging examinations on patients

Question 10

What do software engineers do

Answer 10

apply engineering principles and knowledge of programming languages to build software solutions for end users.

Question 11

What do cast technicians do

Answer 11

Apply, adjust and remove casts

Question 12

Characteristics of a communiuted fracture

Answer 12

broken into 3 or more pieces

Question 13

Characteristics of a transverse fracture

Answer 13

straight line pieces

Question 14

Characteristics of a spiral fracture

Answer 14

A kind of fracture that spirals around the bone

Question 15

WHat happens during a Hematoma formation

Answer 15

• Blood vessels that are ruptured during the break swell to form a mass
  -This mass forms between the broken bones
  -This clotting reduces the blood supply to many of the cells in the area of injury
  -these cells die

Question 16

What happens during a fibrocartilage callus formation

Answer 16

-New capillaries begin to form into the clotted blood in the damaged area
-Connective tissues cells form a mass of repair tissue called a fibrocartilage callus
-This callus contains cartilage, bone, and collagen fibers.
-Combined mass closes the gap between the broken bones.

Question 17

What happens during bony callus formation

Answer 17

-The fibrocartilage callus is gradually replaced by one made of spongy bone.
-This new mass is referred to as the bony callus -Osteoclasts and osteoblasts move to the area and multiply

Question 18

What happens during bone remodeling

Answer 18

-Over the weeks and months to come, the callus is remodeled with the help of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. -The shape of the bones will gradually return to normal, and there will eventually be little evidence of the fracture.

Question 19

What are the first steps in repairing fractures? What must the doctors do?

Answer 19

Fragments must be moved back into place (pull on the limb or apply pressure on the bone.)

Question 20

Summarize casting

Answer 20

non-surgical and non-invasive, and stabilizes the fracture from outside the body.

Question 21

Summarize external fixation

Answer 21

minimally invasive, and used in emergency situations. It involves drilling metal pins into the bone on all sides of the fracture, pins are connected to rod(s) outside the body, and it is temporary.

Question 22

Summarize internal fixation

Answer 22

the most stable and preferred. There are two methods, fracture plating (similar to external fixation except the rod is inside the body, and pins go all the way through the bone), and intramedullary nailing (surgeon removes bone marrow, and metal rod goes in the bone, and uses nails to hold the fracture together.)

Question 23

Advantages of plating and nailing

Answer 23

Smaller incision
Soft tissue still intact
Decreased blood loss
Limited exposure

Question 24

Disadvantages of plating and nailing

Answer 24

Removes bone nailing
Involves surgery
Invasive

Question 25

What are the 3 types of medical interventions that can be used to treat and repair broken bones

Answer 25

casts, internal intervention, and external intervention

Question 26

Other than broken bones, what issues might X-rays be used to help diagnose?

Answer 26

X-rays can be used to diagnose cancer.