Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards
Potassium function
heart and muscle contraction
- absorbed in small intestine
hyperkalemia
HR:
BP:
GI:
Important med:
over 5.0; “tight and contracted”
- ST elevation; V-fib; hypotension; bradycardia; diarrhea; hyperactive bowel sounds; weakness
- can give insulin and calcium chloride
hypokalemia
Heart:
BP:
GI:
less than 3.5
- decreased motility; constipation; paralytic ileus; hypotension; bradycardia
sodium
maintain BP, blood volume and Ph balance, water balance
- higher in extracellular
hypernatremia
Fluid level:
GI:
Musculoskeletal:
“big and bloated”
- thirst; edema; dryness; nausea; increased muscle tone
- give D5W
hyponatremia
“depressed and deflated”
- seizures;tachycardia;decreased RR; hypotension
magnesium
deals with muscles; closely related to calcium
- absorbed in small intestine
hypermagnesemia
Neuro:
HR:
BP:
Respiratory:
Musculoskeletal:
“calm and quiet”
- bradycardia;hypotension;muscle weakness; decreased RR; confused
- give calcium or lasix
hypomagnesemia
Neuro:
HR:
Musculoskeletal:
GI:
tachycardia;hyperactive muscles; diarrhea; confused
calcium
bones, blood (clotting factors), heart
- absorbed in small intestine
hypercalcemia
“swollen and slow”
- constipation;muscle weakness
hypocalcemia
Neuro:
Musculoskeletal:
- irritable; seizures; weak muscles; bleeding risk;
- positive chvostek and trosseaus (arm spasm and tetany)
phosphate
opposite of calcium; bone and teeth; calcium regulation
- if calcium is high then phosphate is low and vice versa
- absorbed in small intestine
hyperphosphatemia
GI:
Musculoskeletal:
“low calcium”
- diarrhea;muscle weakness;
hypophosphatemia
HR:
Respiratory:
RBC:
Med resistance:
GI:
“high calcium”
- decreased RBC; insulin resistance; constipation; decreased HR and RR
