Morphology of flowering plants Flashcards
MODIFICATIONS:
Tap root (turnip, carrot)- store food
adventitious root (sweet potato)- store food
Prop root (banyan tree)- support
Stilt root (maize and sugarcane)- support
Pneumatophore (Rhizophora)- respiration
ROOT:
Tap- dicots- mustard
Fibrous- monocot- wheat
Adventitious- grass, monstera, banyan tree
STEM:
(underground stem)Potato, turmeric, ginger, Zaminkand, Colocasia - store food
(axillary buds)Cucumber, watermelon, pumpkin, grape wine- tendrils, climb
(axillary buds)Citrus, Bougainvillea- thorns
(arid region)- flattened(opuntia), fleshy cylindrical(euphorbia)
(underground stem)strawberry, grass- spread to new niches, new replaces old
Mint, Jasmine- slender lateral branches arise from base
Pistia, Eichhornia-rosette of leaves and tuft of roots
Banana, pineapple, chrysanthemum- lateral branches from basal and underground part grows horizontally beneath and obliquely give rise to leafy shoots
LEAVES:
Pinnately- neem
Palmately- silk cotton
Phyllotaxy:
Alternate- China rose
Opposite- Calotropis, guava
Whorl- Alstonia
Modification:
Tendrils- peas
Thorns- cacti
Insectivorous- Venus fly trap, pitcher plant
Store food- garlic, onions
Australian acacia- leaves short lived
FLOWER:
Actinomorphic- mustard, dhatura, chilli
Zygomorphic- pea, gulmohur, beans, cassia
Asymmetric- Canna
Hypogynous- china rose, mustard, brinjal
Perigynous- peach, plum, rose
Epigynous- guava, cucumber, sunflower
Corolla:
Valvate- calatropis
Twisted- china rose, cotton, lady finger
Imbricate- Cassia, gulmohur
Vexillary- pea, bean flower
Androecium-
Epipetalous- brinjal
Epiphyllous- lily
Mono- china rose
Di- pea
Poly- citrus
diff stamen length salvia, mustard
Gynoecium:
Syncarpous- tomato, mustard
Placentation:
Marginal- pea
Axile- lemon, tomato, China rose
Parietal- mustard, argemone
Free central- dianthus, primrose
Basal- sunflower, marigold
SEED:
Endospermic- castor
Non endospermic- pea, bean, gram, orchid(monocot)
Seed layers fused- maize
