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BOD II > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

stratum basale
location:
function:
what attaches it to the basement membrane?

A

bottom layer
keratinocyte proliferation & anchors epidermis to dermis
hemidesmosomes

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2
Q

what are desmosomes

A

intercellular attachments

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3
Q

stratum spinosum
location:

A

middle, 1-2 layers in haired skin

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4
Q

stratum corneum
location:
function:
what differentiate to form this layer?

A

outermost layer
forms resistant protective layer/barrier
keratinocytes

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5
Q

melanocyte function

A

produces melanin pigment that injects into keratinocytes - photoprotection

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6
Q

langerhans cells function

A

dendritic cells - trap and process antigen (immune surveillance)

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7
Q

functional role of dermis

A

thermoregulation, physical protection, photoprotective

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8
Q

3 stages of hair follicles

A
  1. anagen phase - growth
  2. catagen phase - transition
  3. telogen phase - resting (end stage)
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9
Q

components of dermis

A

acellular - fibers (collagen, elastin, reticulin) + ground substance (h2o, salts, proteoglycans, glycoproteins)
cellular - fibroblasts, macrophages, T cells, mast cells

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10
Q

effect of estrogen & glucocorticoids on sebaceous glands

A

atrophy and involution

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11
Q

flat discoloration < 1 cm in diameter

A

macule

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12
Q

macular lesions >1 cm in diameter

A

patch

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13
Q

solid, elevated, firm circumscribed lesion < 1 cm in diameter
caused by infiltration of inflam cells
associated with hair shaft (folliculitis) or not

A

papule

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14
Q

elevated, firm lesion with flat top > 1 cm in diameter

A

plaque

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15
Q

elevated accumulation of purulent material with epidermis

A

pustule

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16
Q

elevated fluid filled cavity within or below epidermis (< 1 cm diameter)? what if > 1 cm?

A

vesicle (blister)

bulla vesicle

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17
Q

epithelial lined cavity filled with fluid or semisolid material, located in dermis or subcutis

A

cyst

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18
Q

raised, solid region of edema, often with irregular borders (e.g. insect bite, type I hypersensitivity)

A

wheal (hive, urtica)

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19
Q

raised, firm round lesions > 1 cm in diameter

A

nodule

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20
Q

flat-min raised scale arranged in circular rim (e.g. superficial bacterial pyoderma, fungal infections – ringworm)

A

epidermal collarette

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21
Q

dilated hair follicle filled with keratin or sebum

A

comedone

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22
Q

thick, hard hairless plaque often located over pressure points

A

callus

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23
Q

dried exudate in stratum corneum composed of serum, blood, keratin, degenerate neutrophils

A

crust (scab)

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24
Q

loose fragments of keratin on skin surface (hyperkeratosis)

A

scale

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25
Q

partial loss of epidermis

A

erosion

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26
Q

full thickness loss of epidermis with exposure of dermis (e.g. vasculitis)

A

ulceration

27
Q

linear loss of epidermis (e.g. scratch or abrasion)

A

excoriation

28
Q

vertical crack in epidermis to the dermis

A

fissure

29
Q

rough thickened epidermis, results from chronic scratching/irritation (e.g. non-specific chronic dermatitis)

A

lichenification

30
Q

gross lesions of bacterial pyoderma

A

papules, pustules, epidermal collarettes/epidermitis/folliculitis

31
Q

histiologic lesions of bacterial pyoderma

A

perifolliculitis
folliculitis
furunculosis

32
Q

common causes of bacterial pyoderma in
dogs
horses
pigs
horses & ruminants

A

S. pseudintermedius (most common)
S. aureus & intermedius
S. hyicus “greasy pig disease”
Dermatophilus congolensis “rain rot”

33
Q

mechanisms of systemic bacterial infections

A

bacteremia
bacterial toxins
direct infection of endothelial cells
type III hypersensitivity rxn

34
Q

lesions of systemic bacterial infections
distribution?

A

vasculitis (erythematous plaques/macules, dermal edema, hemorrhage bullae, necrosis, well-demarcated ulcerations)
thrombosis
paws, pinnaae, lips, tail

35
Q

gross lesions of dermatophytosis

A

patches of alopecia with scaling
papules due to folliculitis/perifolliculitis/furunculosis

36
Q

histopathologic lesions of dermatophytosis

A

hyperkeratosis
folliculitis
furunculosis

37
Q

gross lesions of demodex

how do you diagnose

A

folliculitis
perifolliculitis
furunculosis

deep skin scrapings, pluck hairs

38
Q

gross lesions of scabies

A

pruritis due to hypersensitivity rxn

39
Q

histologic lesions of scabies

A

hyperkeratosis
acanthosis

40
Q

how do you diagnose scabies

A

superficial skin scrapings

41
Q

types of infectious microorganisms that cause granulomatous/pyogranulomatous dermatitis/panniculitis (deep bacterial pyoderma)

A

traumatic implementation of bacteria forms nodules

Feline Leprosy (Mycobacterium lepraemurium)
Botrymycosis - Staph, Strep, Pseudomonas
Nocardia, Actinomyces

42
Q

types of infectious microorganisms that cause folliculitis (8)

A
  1. Staph pseudintermedius
  2. Staph aureus & intermedius
  3. Staph hyicus
  4. Dermatophilus congolensis
  5. Microsporum canis & gypsum
  6. Trichophyton verrucosum
  7. Malassezia pachydermatis
  8. demodex
43
Q

primary clinical lesions with allergic dermatoses

distribution?

A

pruritis - skin lesions from self-trauma – erythema, wheals, alopecia, excoriation, salivary staining, lichenification & hyperpigmentation

face, paws, caudal carpi, distal extremities, ear, ventrum

44
Q

histologic lesions with allergic dermatoses

A

eosinophilic & mastocytic perivascular dermatitis with dermal edema

45
Q

pemphigus complex
mechanism:
histology:

A

Ab target keratinocytes cell-cell adhesion complexes (desmosomes) which results in acantholysis (the cleavage of desmosomes) that cause pustules & vesicles

acantholytic cells/keratinocytes

46
Q

Bullous dermatoses occurs at the dermal/epidermal junction and results in vesicles/bullae at points of friction which results in ulcers…what cells are not present

A

acantholytic cells

47
Q

discoid lupus erythematous
gross lesions:
histologic lesions:

A

nasal planum depigmentation, erythema, scaling, loss of “cobblestone” appearance & dorsal muzzle, lips, perioral & ears

interface (dermal/epidermal junction) dermatitis with damage to basal cells

48
Q

does with SLE test positive for?

A

anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA)

49
Q

most common cause of erythema multiforme/toxic epidermis necrolysis

A

drugs

50
Q

sebaceous adenitis
clinical lesions:
histologic:

A

alopecia, scaling (follicular casting), dry/brittle hair

granulomatous/pyogranulomatous inflam, epidermal/follicular hyperkeratosis

51
Q

different mechanisms associated with alopecia

A
  1. follicular dysplasia
  2. follicular atrophy - genetic, ischemia, trauma, inflam
  3. abnormal growth/hair cycle arrest - endocrine, nutrition, metabolic
52
Q

endocrine alopecia
clinical lesions:
histologic lesions:

A

non-pruritic, bilaterally symmetric, remaining hair coat dull dry & easily epilated, fails to regrow after clipping

hair follicles in catagen or telogen phase with lack of hair shafts

53
Q

limitations of histologic diagnosis for endocrine alopecia

A

can suggest endocrine alopecia but clinical testing/clinical signs needed to differentiate disorders

54
Q

hypothyroidism effect on skin

A

thyroid hormone needed for anagen stage (growth), so without it, lack of hair growth

hair follicles in telogen without hair shafts

55
Q

hyperadrenocorticism effect on skin in dogs and cats

A

calcinosis cutis (dogs)
fragile skin (cats)

56
Q

mechanisms of depigmentation/hypopigmentation

A

inherited - piebaldism, albinism, vitiligo

acquired - destruction of epidermal-melanocyte units or reduced melanin synthesis due to tyrosinase or Cu def

57
Q

mechanism of hyperpigmentation

A

acquired - chronic inflam or UV exposure = increased proliferation or rate of melanin synthesis

58
Q

vitamin A & Zn deficiencies

A

hyperkeratosis
acanthosis
increased proliferation

59
Q

causes of acquired skin fragility syndrome in cats

A

defect in collagen production, quality or packaging

  1. hyperadrenocorticism
  2. diabetes mellitus
  3. hepatic disease
60
Q

lesions associated with short term actinic (solar) injury

A

sunburn, erythema, erythematous

61
Q

lesions associated with long term actinic (solar) injury

A

solar elastosis
actinic keratosis
squamous cell carcinoma
hemangioma/sarcoma

62
Q

3 type of photosensitization

which is the most common in domestic species?

A

type 1 primary
type 2 abnormal porphyrin metabolism
type 3 impaired liver function (most common)

63
Q

types of cancer that cause hypercalcemia of malignancy

A

AGASACA
T cell lymphoma
multiple myeloma
sporadic carcinomas

due to PTHrP = hypercalcemia

64
Q

what skin tumors are associated with viral infections?

A

papillomavirus - squamous papilloma
bovine papillomavirus - equine/feline sarcoids

BOD II (9 decks)

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