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animsci 4597 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Feelings based approach pro/con

A

Emphasis on decreasing negatives and increasing positives
Difficult to understand and quantify emotions, not scientific

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2
Q

Animal choice/preference based approach pro/con

A

Good in theory, y gestation crates
How many choices do you offer

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3
Q

Nature of the species based approach pro/con

A

Want animals to behave in natural way
Who defines natural?, least scientific credibility, too many species

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4
Q

Freedoms based approach pro/con (1960)

A

Stand up
Lie down
Turn around
Groom
Stretch limbs out fully

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5
Q

Freedoms based approach pro/con (1992)

A

Freedom from hunger and thirst
Freedom from discomfort
Freedom from pain, injury, and disease
Freedom from fear and distress
Freedom to express normal behavior

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6
Q

Homeostasis based approach pro/con

A

Based on animals attempts and success at coping with their environment
Exists if successful coping with no biological cost to
-health, growth, food/fiber, reproduction (starve is most severe)
Go to approach for scientist because can measure animal’s response
i.e. loss of milk production due to animal stress

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7
Q

Prohand

A

A training program for stock people to teach animal handling and attitudes (change people behavior)
Has positive effects such as increase in production or growth rate

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8
Q

Autonomic nervous system response

A

Short-term, fast, acute
Benefit: fight or flight can save life
hand on hot surface

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9
Q

Neuro-endocrine response

A

Longer, sustained duration, slowly increase stress, chronic

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10
Q

Immune system responses

A

Multiple combinations of high/low

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11
Q

5 sources of animal stress

A

Environmental
Chemical
Biochemical
Physical
Psychological

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12
Q

1st party audit

A

Within company

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13
Q

2nd party audit

A

Supplier that purchases from company doing audit

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14
Q

3rd party audit

A

Blind, outside entity (UEP)

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15
Q

Self-regulation within the animal welfare industry

A

Retail driven in response to consumer concerns and pressure (McD’s)

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16
Q

Biggest and second biggest factor for passing an audit for chickens

A
  1. Housing and space allowance (has increased overtime)
  2. Food and water
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17
Q

______ ________ in the layer house must allow daily inspections of all birds

A

light intensity

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18
Q

_______ ______ must allow for continuous flow of fresh air for every bird

A

ventilation system (ammonia levels)

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19
Q

Animal care audits focus on what bird?

A

Egg laying chickens

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20
Q

Procedure for 3rd party audit

A

Clean clothes, vehicle
Meet person and explain audit
Disposable outerwear
Whole facility inspected with focus on animal welfare and care

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21
Q

______ made a landmark decisions by banning gestation crates

A

Florida

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22
Q

Beak trimming

A

Observe method, have to demonstrate they know how to do correctly at audit because can hurt bird

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23
Q

Molting

A

Can increase life span, can’t stop feeding to achieve but can reduce feed while still maintaining good BCS

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24
Q

Free range chickens

A

High exercise - good bones but higher mortality rates, dirtier eggs

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25
Q

Battery cage chickens

A

Low exercise - more bone breakage but lower death

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26
Q

Enrich cage chickens

A

Additional features from battery cages such as areas for nesting, scratching, perching and dust bathing

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27
Q

Farm program to evaluate dairy cows

A

Locomotion, hocks/knees sores, BCS, milking routine, space to lie down

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28
Q

Number of domesticated

A

We have only domesticated a few number of species

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29
Q

Animal machines (Ruth Harrison)

A

Coined the term factory farming to represent mass production

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30
Q

Precautionary principle

A

In Europe something might hurt the population they will ban it vs US there needs to be data showing it is harming population

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31
Q

Stereotypic behavior

A

Unnatural behavior seen in captivity such as bar biting

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32
Q

Aqua culture

A

Oxygen is major factor limiting production, people must be concerned about oxygen levels in the water and increase waste from the fish (N and P)

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33
Q

What is Premarin?

A

Uses pregnant mare urine as a source of estrogen for women in menopause
Foal is a waste product of industry

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34
Q

Fur farming

A

China holds market, two main issues are confinement and method of euthanasia
Pro fur - Fur Commission USA, International Fur Trade Federation
Anti fur - Ethical treatment of animals and Humane society of US
U.S. has Fur Labeling Act and Dog and Cat Fur Protection Act

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35
Q

US energy policy and how it is related to animal use

A

Ethanol plants where corn is favored raw material animals can consume corn by-product

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36
Q

Swine production gestation crate pro and con

A

Pro - individual animal attention, controlled feeding, reduced competition, controlled environment, economic and productivity improvements
Con - Inability to turn around, reduced social contact and interaction, stereotypic behaviors, chore-time free access stalls

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37
Q

PQA to PQA+ what is difference

A

Has animal handling clause

38
Q

Total protein

A

What you eat *Total protein isn’t totally digestable

39
Q

Net protein

A

What builds your body

40
Q

Net protein utilization (NPU)

A

The critical point considering digestibility and biological value
I.e. corn is 53% NPU and beef is 73% NPU

41
Q

Distillers dry grain with solublea (DDGS)

A

Problem with feeding DDGS is sulfate toxicity if you feed too much

42
Q

Confined animal feeding operations (CAFO)

A

The legal term name for factory farming

43
Q

Horses for human consumption

A

State legislation has proved to be much more important than federal legislation (Illinois), Big increase in shipping to Mexico after banning in US, US wouldn’t pay for meat inspection but individual plant could pay for it

44
Q

Wild horse and burro legislation

A

Can’t go out and capture for slaughter
50% BLM funds go to feed horses
50% of wild horses live in captive type environment

45
Q

Domestic violence

A

More about power and control over abused subject
Majority of men
Can be hard to get help if people leave with their pet (women’s shelters)

46
Q

Animal hoarding

A

Majority female, “what problem”

47
Q

Horn removal

A

No local anesthesia if removed before erupts, after erupts from hairline need vet/local anes

48
Q

Declawing

A

Removing last digit of the front toes of cats
Banned in Europe and Hollywood, CA

49
Q

Ear cropping

A

Cosmetic reasons with a few medical reasons
Requires full anesthesia

50
Q

Transplant surgeries for animals

A

Can be done, owner is also responsible for donor animal

51
Q

Castration of farm animals

A

Debate on weather to do under sedation or not

52
Q

Trimming of needle teeth

A

Done at birth of pigs, is it a needed procedure or anesthesia?

53
Q

Docking of sheep’s tail

A

Like short for show but if too short will cause rectal prolapse

54
Q

Branding for cattle

A

More commonly done out west where roam on expanses of land

55
Q

Bipedalism

A

Unique to humans, allows us to use less energy but have more knee/back problems and birth problems, allows us to be more selective in diet

56
Q

GI tract to body length

A

Herbivore>Omnivore?Carnivore

57
Q

Post gastric processing causes us to have a larger ______ ________ than gorillas

A

small intestine

58
Q

Animal welfare act and circuses

A

USDA inspectors to go look at animal welfare in circuses

59
Q

AZA

A

Zoo association that is a voluntary group but all respectable zoos are members

60
Q

Zoo animal enrichment

A

Like pumpkins for halloween want to minimize stereotypic behavior

61
Q

Sanctuaries

A

Have global accreditations but aren’t breeding animals

62
Q

Horse racing debate

A

How many actually make it onto track, (Only 15%) injuries sustained

63
Q

Lasix and withdrawal

A

Prevents respiratory bleeding, can make horse run faster and possibly pee out drugs (Diuretic)

64
Q

Greyhound racing

A

Only few tracks left, same as horses what to do with animals after racing and injuries possible

65
Q

Who goes to animal movies/sets if asked to to make sure no animals are harmed

A

American Humane

66
Q

Michigan’s large carnivore act

A

Set the precedence on owning large carnivores

67
Q

Ohio dangerous animal act

A

Followed michigans precendence

68
Q

Species survival plans

A

Zoos have species survival plans that mainly focus on large mammals and have trades with other zoos to ensure breeding

69
Q

Rise and fall rate

A

Animals with low repro, special feeding, migratory are more likely to come extinct

70
Q

Pets and federal

A

Different laws at federal state and local???

71
Q

Bald eagle protection act

A

Example of how federal legislation can prohibit owning a specific species
Killing or processing it is illegal

72
Q

Black beauty (George Angell American version)

A

Increased funding for MSPCA and AHA

73
Q

Children’s literature

A

Anthropomorphism of animals, can increase funding for animal protection

74
Q

Gestation crates will be gone in Ohio by ____

A

2026

75
Q

Can you currently dock tails of cattle?

A

No as of 2017

76
Q

Can’t just decide to go put in battery cages what can you do

A

Need to purchase an already existing farm

77
Q

Veal crates

A

Can maintain individually for 3 months but then need to be in groups

78
Q

Willingness to pay

A

What we say on survey isn’t what we always do in real life

79
Q

Humane methods of slaughter act

A

Established humane standards of slaughtering livestock, must be rendered insensible by a single blow, gunshot, electrical, chemical or other means that is rapid and effective prior to slaughter

80
Q

Kosher slaughter is exception to humane slaughter becasue

A

Animal doesn’t have to be rendered insensless

81
Q

Animal welfare act

A

Doesn’t cover birds or mice

82
Q

After world war II there was a big push to change what?

A

How we raise many of our agricultural products including animals

83
Q

Foie Gras

A

Fatty liver from geese, is considered delicacy, force feed birds to get liver

84
Q

Meat consumption is on the ____

A

Rise

85
Q

Breed specific legislation

A

State and municipal law not national law
U.K.’s new law against XL bully

86
Q

How can we increase the efficiency of energy transfer?

A

Convert a greater percentage of total solar energy into energy fixed in storage

87
Q

Source of protein world wide

A

2/3 from plant 1/3 from animal

88
Q

Tail docking in dogs

A

AVMA said should be discontinued if only done for cosmetic reasons
Working dogs may have reasons to have tail docked
In lots of breed standards

89
Q

Debarking

A

Cutting vocal cords, should be a last resort, will still have some noise

90
Q

Circuses removed elephants due to ______

A

Pressure from public

animsci 4597 (4 decks)

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