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Pharmcal Lab > CALCULATION OF DOSES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS > Flashcards

CALCULATION OF DOSES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

it is the quantitative amount
administered or taken by a
patient for the intended
medicinal effect

A

Dose

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2
Q

The amount taken at one time.

A

Single Dose

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3
Q

The amount taken during the
course of therapy

A

Daily Dose/Total Dose

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4
Q

The schedule of dosing.

A

Dosage Regimen

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5
Q

The amount that ordinarily
produces the medicinal effect
intended in the adult patient

A

Usual Adult Dose

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6
Q

Is similarly defined for the infant or
child patient

A

Usual Pediatric Dose

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7
Q

The quantitative amounts of the
a drug that may be prescribed within the guidelines of usual medical practice.

A

Usual Dosage Range

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8
Q

The amount that produces the desired
intensity of effect in 50% of the
individuals tested.

A

Median Effective Dose

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9
Q

The amount that produces toxic effects
in 50% of the individuals tested.

A

Median Toxic Dose

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10
Q

a larger-than usual initial dose may be
required to achieve the desired
blood drug level

A

Loading Dose

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11
Q

The minimum concentration to
produce the drug’s desired effects
in a patient.

A

Median Effective Concentration (MEC)

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12
Q

The concentration that produces
dose-related toxic effects.

A

Minimum Toxic Concentration (MTC)

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13
Q

Referred to as the Primary
Drug Treatment

A

Monotherapy

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14
Q

Additional to or supportive of a
different primary treatment.

A

Adjunctive Therapy

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15
Q

Administered to protect the patient
from contracting a specific
disease. (Ex. Vaccines)

A

Prophylactic Doses

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16
Q

Examples of Pharmaceutical Ingredients

A

solvents, vehicles, preservatives,
stabilizers, solubilizers, binders, fillers, disintegrants, flavorants, colorants,

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17
Q

contain pharmaceutical ingredients, which
provide the physical features, stability requirements, and
aesthetic characteristics desired for optimal therapeutic effects.

A

Dosage forms

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18
Q

Mouth

A

Oral

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19
Q

Under the tongue

A

Sublingual

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20
Q

Parenteral: Vein

A

Intravenous

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21
Q

Parenteral: Artery

A

Intra-arterial

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22
Q

Parenteral: Heart

A

Intercardiac

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23
Q

Parenteral: Spine

A

Intraspinal/ Intrathecal

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24
Q

Parenteral: Bone

A

Intraosseous

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25
Q

Parenteral: Joint

A

Intra-articular

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26
Q

Parenteral: Joint Fluid

A

Intrasynovial

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27
Q

Parenteral: Skin

A

Intracutaneous/ Intradermal/ Subcutaneously

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28
Q

Parenteral: Muscle

A

Intramuscular

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29
Q

Parenteral: Skin surface

A

Epicutaneous

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30
Q

Eye conjunctiva

A

Conjunctival

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31
Q

Eye

A

intraocular

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32
Q

Nose

A

Intranasal

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33
Q

Ear

A

aural

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34
Q

Lung

A

Intrarespiratory

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35
Q

Rectum

A

Rectal

36
Q

Vagina

A

Vaginal

37
Q

Urethra

A

Urethral

38
Q

Mouth drug forms

A

Tablets, capsules, oral solutions, drops, syrups, elixirs, suspensions, magmas, gels, powder, troches, and lozenges

39
Q

Sublingual dosage forms

A

Tablets

40
Q

Parenteral dosage forms

A

Solution, suspensions

41
Q

Skin surface dosage forms

A

ointments, creams, pastes, plasters, powders, aerosol, lotions, transdermal patches, solutions (topical)

42
Q

Eye conjuctiva dosage form

A

ointments

43
Q

Eye dosage forms

A

Solution, suspensions

44
Q

Nose dosage forms

A

Solutions, ointments

45
Q

Ear dosage form

A

Solutions and suspensions

46
Q

Lung dosage form

A

Solutions (aerosol)

47
Q

Rectum dosage forms

A

Solutions, ointments, suppositories

48
Q

Vagina dosage form

A

solutions, ointments, emulsion foams, gels, tablets/inserts

49
Q

Urethra

A

Solutions and suppositories

50
Q

1 teaspoonful (tsp)

A

5 ml

51
Q

1 tablespoonful (tbsp)

A

15 ml

52
Q

20 drops (gtt)

A

1 ml

53
Q

General Dose Calculations

A

Number of Doses

Size of Dose

Total Quantity

54
Q

Dosing Options

A

LOW-DOSE THERAPY

HIGH-DOSE THERAPY

55
Q

The administration of doses that are much smaller than the usual dose of a drug

A

LOW-DOSE THERAPY

56
Q

The administration of doses that are much larger than the usual dose of a drug

A

HIGH-DOSE THERAPY

57
Q

Products containing two or more therapeutic agents in fixed-dose combinations

A

Fixed-Dose Combination Products

58
Q

Advantages of Fixed-Dose Combination Products

A

Two or more needed drugs may be taken in a single dose, which may be more convenient, enhance compliance, and be less expensive for the patient than taking the same drugs individually.

59
Q

Disadvantages of Fixed-Dose Combination Products

A

Relative inflexibility in dosing compared
with individual drug dosing

60
Q

Tablet Splitting and Crushing: A number of tablets are ________________ to allow
breaking into approximately equal pieces (usually halves)

A

scored or grooved

61
Q

This allows dosage flexibility, particularly when a patient is
started at a half dose and then is titrated up to a full dosage
level.

A

Tablet Splitting and Crushing

62
Q

It also enables a patient to take a product at a strength that
is not otherwise available.

A

Tablet Splitting and Crushing

63
Q

Other term for loading dose

A

Priming dose

64
Q

What does pharmaceutical ingredients provide

A

Physical feature

stability requirement

aesthetic characteristic

65
Q

Examples of Low Dosage Therapy

A

Use of Aspirin in 81-mg amounts (rather than the usual dose of 325 mg) to
lower the risk of heart attack and clot-related stroke.

Low-dose oral contraceptive use

Low-dose postmenopausal hormone therapy.

66
Q

Examples of High Dosage Therapy

A

Commonly associated with the chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. Through
increased dose intensity, to kill tumor cells.

High-dose use of progestin in the treatment of endometriosis.

High-dose influenza vaccination of the elderly.

67
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

68
Q

Sublingual

A

Under the tongue

69
Q

Intravenous

A

Parenteral: Vein

70
Q

Intra-arterial

A

Parenteral: Artery

71
Q

Intercardiac

A

Parenteral: Heart

72
Q

Intraspinal/ Intrathecal

A

Parenteral: Spine

73
Q

Intraosseous

A

Parenteral: Bone

74
Q

Intra-articular

A

Parenteral: Joint

75
Q

Intrasynovial

A

Parenteral: Joint Fluid

76
Q

Intracutaneous/ Intradermal/ Subcutaneously

A

Parenteral: Skin

77
Q

Intramuscular

A

Parenteral: Muscle

78
Q

Epicutaneous

A

Parenteral: Skin surface

79
Q

Conjunctival

A

Eye conjunctiva

80
Q

intraocular

A

Eye

81
Q

Intranasal

A

Nose

82
Q

aural

A

Ear

83
Q

Intrarespiratory

A

Lung

84
Q

Rectal

A

Rectum

85
Q

Vaginal

A

Vagina

86
Q

Urethral

A

Urethra

Pharmcal Lab (44 decks)

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