assessment #2

Question 1

What does the structure of a carb look like?

Answer 1

• like a hexagon
• functions: source of quick energy (mono and di), energy storage (poly), and plant structure (poly)
• monomer: monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, galactose (1 sugar)
  (disaccharides are 2 sugars bonded together)
• polymer: polysaccharides such as starch, glycogen, cellulose (3+ sugars)

Question 2

What does the structure of a lipid look like?

Answer 2

• like an E with chains n stuff
• functions: longterm energy storage, make up cell membranes, cushion organs, insulate the body, make hormones
• monomer: fatty acids (horizontal) and glycerol (vertical)
• polymers: fats, oils, steroids, waxes
• primary element in the long-chain carbon backbone is hydrogen
• source of stored energy
• fatty a

Question 3

What does the structure of a protein look like?

Answer 3

• monomer: amino acid
• polymer: polypeptide
• functions: make up most organs in human bodies, move materials to/from cells, help carry out chemical reactions (enzymes), help fight disease (antibodies), help digest food, form muscles/bones/organs, a LOT of functions!

Question 4

What elements are present in proteins?

Answer 4

C, H, O, N, S

Question 5

Whatis the chemical

Question 6

Define ester bond.

Answer 6

the bond that is formed when fatty acids are joined to a glycerol

Question 7

Define glycosidic bond.

Answer 7

when sugars are joined together

Question 8

Defie peptide bond

Answer 8

when amino acids are joined together

Question 9

How can you tell saturated and unsaturated acids apart?

Answer 9

• saturated acids have more hydrogen and only one double bond, unsaturated acids have less hydrogen and at least two double bonds
• also saturated fats are solid at room temp., unsaturated fats are liquid at room temp.

Question 10

Define hydrolysis

Answer 10

breaking polymers into smaller ones using water

Question 11

Define condensation/dehydration synthesis

Answer 11

when hydrogen and oxygen are removed from molecules to form water (building polymers from monomers by removal of water)

Question 12

Define organic molecule

Answer 12

a carbon-based molecule that is the basis of living matter (contains carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur)

Question 13

Define carbohydrate

Answer 13

a molecule in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen to one nitrogen

Question 14

Define lipid

Answer 14

a molecule made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that is composed of stuff like fatty acids and glycerol

Question 15

What does the structure of an amino acid look like?

Answer 15

• amino group has -NH2
• carboxyl group has -COOH
  + a hydrogen atom
  and then the variable

Question 16

Define nucleic acids.

Answer 16

complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information
monomer is nucleotides

Question 17

How does a peptide bond form?

Answer 17

• when two amino acids are covalently attached by a peptide bond, carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the other amino acid combine and release a molecule of water
• dehydration synthesis reaction

Question 18

Define primary structure.

Answer 18

amino acids being joined by peptide bonds

Question 19

Define tertiary structure

Answer 19

hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals interactions basically

Question 20

What atoms appear in a hydrophilic side chain?

Answer 20

C, H, O, N

Question 21

What atoms appear in a hydrophobic side chain?

Answer 21

C, H