assessment #3 Flashcards
define enzyme
- protein molecules that speed up chemical reactions (enzymes don’t change during a chemical reaction)
- reduce both time and energy needed for chemical reactions
define reactant
molecules before chemical reaction
define product
molecules after chemical reaction
What is the difference between endergonic and exergonic reactions?
Exergonic reactions release energy, while endergonic reactions absorb energy. With endergonic reactions, there is more energy stored in the bonds of the products than those of the reactions and vice versa with exergonic reactions.
define substrate
the molecule that an enzyme acts on
define active site
a very specific shape/chemical makeup-where the substrate attaches to enzyme
define denaturation
change in the structure of a protein
define metabolic pathway
a series of chemical reactions characterized by multiple enzymes
define negative feedback
when the end product of a metabolic pathway stops the metabolic pathway
define mechanical digestion
physical breakdown of food
define chemical digestion
breakdown of macromolecules by enzymes
Define inhibitors. What is the difference between a competitive inhibitor and a noncompetitive inhibitor?
molecules that slow down enzyme reactions or stop them for a period of time
COMPETITIVE
1. they bind at the active site of the enzyme
NONCOMPETITIVE
1. bind at a location that is not the active site, but it still causes the enzyme to change shape
define bolus
ball of chewed up food
define peristalsis
waves of muscle contraction
define chyme
semi-fluid mass of partially digested food coming from the stomach
