Gut Dysbiosis

Question 1

Dysbiosis, also called dysbacteriosis, is a term for a ??? or maladaptation on or inside the body, such as an impaired microbiota

Answer 1

microbial imbalance

Question 2

TRUE or FALSE: Intestinal dysbiosis is a condition in which the bacteria in your gut are out of balance, and pathogenic (bad) bacteria begin to dominate

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

Causes of dysbiosis DOES NOT include…
* repeated and inappropriate antibiotic exposure
* alcohol misuse
* inappropriate diet
* Stress
* protein overdose

Answer 3

protein overdose

Question 4

Faecal Microbiota Transplant (stool transplant) helps to restore the microflora of what part of the gut system?

Answer 4

colonic microflora

Question 5

stool transplants are used to treat:
- ulcerative colitis
- intestinal behcet’s disease
- recurrent C. difficile infections
- ???

Answer 5

IBS

Question 6

faeces is dissolved in saline and filtered before fecal slurry is administered via ???

Answer 6

colonoscopy

Question 7

stool transplants began in 4th century china and followed on as ??? which was drunk. Similarly, Bedouin (nomadic Arab people in deserts)
consumption of fresh warm camel faeces as a remedy for bacterial dysentery

Answer 7

yellow soup

Question 8

stool transplant is 90% effective in severe cases with ??? bacteria in
whom antibiotics have not worked

Answer 8

C. difficile

Question 9

Dysregulation of hedonic feeding behaviour (food addiction) plays a role in current obesity epidemic. ??? and its metabolites play a crucial role in satiety signals and eating behaviours

Answer 9

Gut microbiota

Question 10

TRUE or FALSE: a healthy gut microbiota has no impact on insulin sensitivity

Answer 10

FALSE it does have an impact

Question 11

Treatment of obesety and diabetes T2 with PROBIOTICS or PREBIOTICS (?) containing Lactobacillus gasseri = positive effect on body weight in overweight and obese subjects

Answer 11

PROBIOTICS

Question 12

bariatric surgery, performed on obese, helps in weight loss by reducing the size of the stomach with a gastric band, through removal of a ???, or by resecting and re-routing the
small intestine to a small stomach pouch (gastric bypass surgery)

Answer 12

portion of the stomach

Question 13

Metabolic improvements seen in days prior to weight loss (independent of weight loss) are possibly explained by ??? derived hormones (GLP-1, PYY, Oxyntomodulin (OXM)) which have
anorexic properties

Answer 13

intestinal-derived hormones

Question 14

is Ghrelin suppressed after bariatric surgery?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

obese people have a higher prevalence of insulin resistance partly due to good or bad microbiome diversity in GI tract?

Answer 15

bad microbiome diversity

Question 16

low gut diversity is linked to obesity, higher prevalence of ???, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and low
grade inflammation

Answer 16

insulin resistance

Question 17

Low gut diversity is characterised by pro-inflammatory properties, suggesting REDUCTION or INCREASE (?) in butyrate-producing bacteria and increase in mucin-degrading bacteria. this impairs gut integrity, causing low grade inflammation through endotoxemia

Answer 17

Reduction

Question 18

in ??? there are elevated plasma levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
and a bacterial endotoxin derived from the membrane of gram negative bacteria AKA metabolic endotoxemia

Answer 18

diabetes type 2

Question 19

TRUE or FALSE: Diabetes have more butyrate-producing bacteria in faeces compared to healthy

Answer 19

FALSE: they have less

Question 20

in which gut related illness are there decreased relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus?

Answer 20

IBS

Question 21

in which gut related illness is there an increased Firmicutes: Bacteriodetes ratio?

Answer 21

IBS

Question 22

TRUE or FALSE: Stress has been associated with reduced Lactobacilli

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

The gut microbiota plays a role in which intestinal illness for the following symptoms:
- GI immune system activation and inflammation
– Membrane permeability
– Intestinal motility
– Gut-brain communication
– Gas production

Answer 23

IBS

Question 24

in which gut related illness can high doses of certain FODMAPS result in increased luminal water in the small intestine, or increased gas production from bacterial fermentation = Pain, bloating and diarrhoea

Answer 24

IBS