Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MRS426 Diagnostic Ultrasound > Vascular > Flashcards

Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

ICA

A

internal carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

CCA

A

common carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ECA

A

external carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

VA

A

vertebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 3 layers of an artery?

A

intima (inner layer)
media (muscle & middle layer)
adventia (outer layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what arteries are routinely assessed with carotid US?

A

CCA, ICA, ECA & VA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

TIA

A

transient ischaemic attack
- mini strokes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

RIND

A

reversible ischaemic neurological deficit - longer lasting episode with full recovery within 3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident, stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TMB

A

transient monocular blindness - loss of vision in one or both eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

amaurosis fugax

A

transient monocular blindness - loss of vision in one or both eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are some contraindications for a carotid US?

A

recent neck surgery, thick muscular neck, unable to lie flat, calcified vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are some indications for a carotid US?

A

TIA, RIND, CVA, TMB, dizziness, vertigo, synecope, headache, post-op surveillance, pulsatile mass, vertebral occlusive disease, follow-up progress of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

whats the patient positioning for a carotid US?

A

patient is supine, head lying to either side, head up or down but head to be turned slightly away from the side being examined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

patient preparation for carotid US?

A

document history & risk factors, explain procedure fully to patient, gain consent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bif

A

bifurcation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the main technique for confirming patency of a vein in a DVT study?

A

compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The squeezing of the calf muscle to push the venous blood through the vessel is called?

A

augmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Patients who are at high risk for developing deep vein thrombosis are:

A

those who have had major surgical procedures, metastatic disease, take oral contraceptives, dont move for long periods of time etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Laminar flow is the type of flow thought to exist in many vessels. Which of the following statement is true: blood velocity is

A

fastest at the centre of the vessel & slowest at the vessel wall throughout the cardiac cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the primary concern regarding patients with deep vein thrombosis is:

A

PE - pulmonary embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolism

22
Q

What is the method used for distinguishing ECA from ICA on Doppler US?

A

TT - temporal tapping, tapping patient in the area of the temporal artery will cause a change in the spectral waveform of the ECA and not the ICA

23
Q

How do you correct spectral aliasing doppler artefact?

A

increase the pulse repetition frequency or adjust the baseline

24
Q

PRF

A

pulse repetition frequency

25
Q

What is the most common venous study?

A

DVT - deep vein thrombosis scan

26
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

27
Q

SFA

A

superficial femoral artery

28
Q

SFV

A

superficial femoral vein

29
Q

What does blood flow and colour doppler show on US?

A

the colour depends on the direction of the blood flow in relation to where the probe is positioned AND to what our scale is set to show

30
Q

What will positioning your probe to create a 90 degree angle against the vessel?

A

will have almost zero signal, you wont actually get any of this information

31
Q

How to fix the colour doppler if its not filling up properly?

A

adjust angulation of the probe and the colour doppler box so there is a signal 60 degrees or under, but could this area thats not filling up be pathology? could be plaque, make sure setting are set correctly

32
Q

What is a common arterial study?

A

carotid US

33
Q

what is a common venous study?

A

DVT studies for leg veins

34
Q

EDV

A

end-diastolic volume

35
Q

What is a spectral trace?

A

Using a very small sample box & place directing into the centre of a vessel to listen to the vessel over a period of time to get an idea of what the velocity is doing because of the doppler shift signal

36
Q

Name 3 diseases/disorders that can present with similar symptoms to a DVT

A

renal failure (subcutaneous odema), cellulitis, superficial thrombophlebitis

37
Q

What is the main differences between superficial and deep veins?

A

superficial veins lie above the muscular fascia layer, they do not directly return into the IVC so there is no threat of a travelling embolis

38
Q

describe 3 US findings for a positive DVT

A

non-compressible vessel, thrombus inside vessel, no phasic flow or evidence of flow with augmentation

39
Q

describe 3 methods a sonographer could use to determine if a vessel is an artery or a vein

A

compressibility, pulsatility, colour flow direction, assess for valves, wall thickness and echogenicity

40
Q

What may have a triphasic flow with a high resistive waveform?

A

extremity artery

41
Q

PSV

A

peak systolic volume

42
Q

Deep veins include

A

they lie below the muscle fascia & they include: common femoral, superficial femoral, profunda femoris, popliteal, posterior tibial, peroneal, anterior tibial, calf veins

43
Q

superficial veins include

A

they lie bw the muscle fascia & the dermis. theres heaps of superficial veins but we will image the long saphenous vein, and the short (small) saphenous vein. Other superficial veins will really only be imaged if clinically indicated

44
Q

what alternative symptoms increase the risk for DVT?

A

raised d-dimer, recent long haul flight, pregnancy, known coagulation disorders, immobolisation, malignancy, oral contraceptives, recent trauma or surgery

45
Q

common symptoms of DVT

A

acute calf pain with associated localised tenderness, heat and swelling, cellulitis & oedema

46
Q

What are some indications for a DVT US?

A

assessing for DVT, assess STP or SVT, venous insufficiency or venous reflux, pre-operative mapping of LSV prior to bypass surgery, has DVT symptoms

47
Q

contraindications for a DVT US

A

unable to perform compression due to patient pain, obese patients, unable to examine calf muscles due to overlying obstacles (plaster, bandages etc that cant be removed), unable to visualise illiac veins and IVC due to bowel gas

48
Q

main method for confirming patency

A

compression - direct pressure applied to vein. with the transducer to collapse the vein

49
Q

what is a thrombi?

A

a thrombus is the formation of a blood clot in the blood vessels or the heart from various elements of flowing blood. after a thrombus forms, part of it may detach to create an embolus that travels through the bloodstream to lodge at a peripheral site

50
Q

what is a thromboembolism?

A

an embolus that has been dislodged and travelled through the bloodstream to occlude a smaller vessel.

51
Q

US characteristics suggestive for a positive thromboembolism

A

echogenic material visualised within the vein, compression of the vein is limited, the colour moves around the echogenic material (if not fully occulsive), no flow identified if vein is fully occluded

52
Q

US characteristics for an acute thrombus:

A

hypoechoic (almost invisible), poorly attached to the vein wall, spongy, dilating the vein wall (if vein is totally obstructed)

53
Q

Us characteristics for a chronic thrombus:

A

appear more echogenic & heterogeneous, be adherent to the vein wall, contract the vein wall over time (if vein is totally obstructed), may be accompanied by large collateral veins nearby

MRS426 Diagnostic Ultrasound (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions