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Anatomy and Physiology > Bonesies > Flashcards

Bonesies Flashcards

1
Q

7 important functions of the skeletal system

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Levers for Movement
  4. Mineral Growth and growth factor storage
  5. Blood cell formation
  6. Triglyceride storage
  7. Hormone production
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2
Q

Osteocalcnin

A

secreted by bones helps to regulate insulin secretion, glucose levels, and metabolism

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3
Q

What do you store in your bones?

A

fat, calcium, and phosphate

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4
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

blood making occurs in red marrow cavities of certain bones ; makes both red and white

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5
Q

Axial Skeleton

A
  • Long axis of body
  • spine, ribs, vertebral columm, thoracic cage
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6
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Bones of upper and lower limbs
Girdles attaching limbs to axial skeleton

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7
Q

Long bones

A

Longer than they are wide ; limb bones

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8
Q

Short bones

A

Cube shaped bones (in wrist and and ankel

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9
Q

Flat Bones

A

Thin, flat, slightly curved (they have two parallel sides)
- sternum, ribs, scapula, most of skull

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10
Q

Irregular Bones

A
  • does not fit into any other categories
  • hip bones and vertebrae
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11
Q

Sesmoid

A

Floating bones
- knee caps

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12
Q

Sutural Bones

A
  • formed due to additional ossification
  • hidden bones 123.
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13
Q

Epiphysis

A

Ends of long bone

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14
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft of long bone

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15
Q

Compact Bone

A

bone without air pockets ; hard

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16
Q

Spongy/ Tribuculated Bone

A

lighter and less dense than compact bone. Spongy bone consists of plates (trabeculae)

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17
Q

Periosteum

A

a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.

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18
Q

Interoseus

A

in the bone

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19
Q

Osteon

A

Osteons are cylindrical vascular tunnels formed by an osteoclast-rich tissue.

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20
Q

Central (Haversian) canal

A

runs through core of osteon

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21
Q

Lacunae

A

small cavities that contain osteocytes

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22
Q

Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals

A
  • canals lined with endosteum that occur at right angles to central canal
  • Connect blood vessels and nerves of periosteum, medullary cavity, and central canal
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23
Q

Canaliculi

A

hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and to central canal

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24
Q

Interstitial Lamellae

A

Some fill gaps between forming osteons; others are remnants of osteons cut by bone remodeling

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25
Q

Circumferential Lamellae

A

Help long bone to resist twisting

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26
Q

Osteoblasts

A

make bones

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27
Q

Osteoclasts

A

break bones to release calcium

28
Q

Facet

A

depression where another bone can sit ; not that deep

29
Q

Fossa

A

deeper indented surface in a bone

30
Q

Groove / Sulcus

A
  • A furrow in the bone surface that runs along the length of a vessel or nerve
31
Q

Foreamen

A

Hole in a bone through which a structure such as a blood vessel passes

32
Q

Canal/Meatus

A

Small passageways through bones

33
Q

Fissure

A

Elongated passageways ; like slits between bones

34
Q

Condyle

A

rounded knobs that form articulations with other bones

35
Q

Crest

A

A raised or prominent part of the edge of a bone

36
Q

Epicondyle

A

small projection on condyle that is a site of muscle attachment

37
Q

Head

A

Rounded end of bone that fits into fossa to form a joint

38
Q

Protuberance

A
  • Grows out the side
39
Q

Trochanter

A

Bony projections

40
Q

Tubercle/Tuberosity

A

Lumps to attach muscles

41
Q

Open Fracture (Compound)

A

fracture that causes the communication of the fracture and bone with the outside environment. There might be a hole in the skin.

42
Q

Closed Fracture (Simple)

A

a fracture that remains enclosed by the overlying skin, safer from infections

43
Q

Compression Fracture

A

Occurs when one or more bones in the spine weaken and crumpl

44
Q

Stress Fracture

A

Stress fractures are tiny cracks in a bone. They’re caused by repetitive force, often from overuse

45
Q

Avulsion Fracture

A

occurs when a small chunk of bone attached to a tendon or ligament gets pulled away from the main part of the bone.

46
Q

Greenstick Fracture

A

one side is broken and other in intact , these often occur in young children

47
Q

Transverse Fracture

A

fractured in half (90 degree ; it came perpendicular to bone)

48
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

a fracture that has three or more fragments

49
Q

Impacted Fracture

A

a break where the ends are driven into each other

50
Q

Nondisplaced Fracture

A

The ends retain the normal position

51
Q

Displaced Fracture

A

The ends are out of normal alignment

52
Q

Why do bones have harder to treat infections?

A

The compact bone does not have blood flow so antibiotics cannot reach them. This is why open fractures require surgery because of risk of infection.

53
Q

Oblique Fracture

A

fracture at a slight angle

54
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

from twisting motion

55
Q

Epiphyseal

A

The epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate.

56
Q

Longitudinal Fracture

A

fractures that occur along (or nearly along) the axis of the bone.

57
Q

Pathologic Fracture

A

e when force or impact didn’t cause the break to happen

58
Q

Reduction Treatment

A

realignment of broken bone ends

59
Q

Closed reduction

A

Physician manipulates to correct position

60
Q

Open reduction

A

surgical pins or wires secure ends

61
Q

Immobilization of Bones

A

Cast or traction is needed for healing

62
Q

Scoliosis

A

sideways curvature of the spine

63
Q

Ligament

A

connective tissue to hold together bone to bone

64
Q

Tendons

A

holds muscle to bone

65
Q

How much of your body mass does the skeleton account for?

A

20 percent

66
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology (26 decks)

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