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NAVLE animals > Cows > Flashcards

Cows Flashcards

1
Q

When are placentomes palpable

A

75-90 days gestation

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2
Q

When is the fetus palpable

A

60 days (may be out of reach after 4-7m)

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3
Q

When and where is the uterine artery fremitus evident`

A

Ipsilateral- 4m; bilateral at 7m

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4
Q

T/F Uterine artery fremitus indicates viable pregnancy

A

F

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5
Q

When does metritis typically occur

A

Within 2 weeks of calving

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6
Q

Name the 4 risk factors of metritis

A

Retained fetal memb, dystocia, stillbirth, twinning

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7
Q

What does brucella abortus cause in the pregnant cow

A

late gestation abortions, placentitis

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8
Q

T/F Taylorella equigenitalis causes venereal disease in cows

A

F- only horses

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9
Q

Most common BVD congenital effect

A

Cerebellar hypoplasia (less: microphthalmia, hydraencephaly)

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10
Q

At what point of McMaster result should calves be de-wormed

A

300-400 egg count (this is when weight loss happens)

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11
Q

Most common time for displaced abomasum

A

four weeks post-partum

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12
Q

TPN formula- 15 d calf

A

1L each of: 10% am acids, 50% gluc, 10% lipid

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13
Q

Prohibited Abx - food animal

A

chloramphenicol, FQs, vancomycin, most sulfas (except sulfadimethoxine)

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14
Q

What does 7 way vax cover

A

7 way bacterin vax: Clostridium: chauvoei, septicum, novyi A and B, sordellii and perfringens C & D

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15
Q

What are the big 5 calf D agents

A

crypto, salmonella, eneterpathic/enterotoxic e. coli, rotavirus, corona virus

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16
Q

US BVD genotypes

A

1a 1b 2a

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17
Q

Moroccan leather appearance of abomasum- agent

A

(cobblestone) Ostertagia- larva in glands form nodules, seasonally emerge and cause signs

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18
Q

Tx frothy bloat

A

Oral poloxalene or cooking oil

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19
Q

Rectangular or triangular eggs in fecal egg count of health cows; agent, lifecycle

A

Moniezia tapeworm eggs; oribatid mites in soil eaten by host; (usually non pathogenic but can cause intestinal stasis)

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20
Q

Tx rumen acidosis

A

Magnesium Oxide (becomes MgOH in rumen)

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21
Q

Oat toxicosis effects

A

renal and GI signs- Tannins damage mucosa; hemorrhagic D and renal tubular necrosis

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22
Q

How does coccidia produce nervous coccidiosis in cattle

A

Elaboration of heat-labile neurotoxin

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23
Q

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis- agent, CS

A

Bovine herpes virus 1- UPPER respiratory signs and white plaques on conjuntiva and nasal epithelium

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24
Q

Tx bovine papillomavirus

A

Autogenous vaccine from herd

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25
Q

Cause of LSA

A

BLV (bovine leukemia virus)- lentivirus

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26
Q

Herd test for BLV

A

ELISA- gp51 Ag

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27
Q

Honking cough, pulmonary edema, emphysema- agent

A

BRSV- paramyxovirus

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28
Q

BVD congenital disorders

A

Cerebellar hypoplasia, microphthalmia, hydranencephaly

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29
Q

Timing of PI of BVD

A

less than 125 days gestation

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30
Q

Three zoonotic parapox viruses

A

pseudocowpox, contagious ecthyma, bovine papular stomatitis (BPS)

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31
Q

Ddx proliferative teat lesions

A

pseudocowpox, VS, bluetongue

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32
Q

Small raised lesions in gums/dental pad in calf

A

BPS (no GI signs, no other oral lesions)

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33
Q

Cause of mucosal dz

A

BVD conversion from NCP to CP in PI

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34
Q

Lumpy jaw agent, tx

A

Actinomyces bovis (G+), Na-Iodide (cull)

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35
Q

Woody tongue agent, tx

A

Actinobacillus ligniersii (G-), Na-Iodide

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36
Q

Painful cough, elicited on laryngeal palpation in calf under 1.5 y

A

Calf diptheria- fusobacterium necrophorum

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37
Q

Zoonotic salmonella causing watery green diarrhea, tx

A

Salmonella Typhimurium, ceftiofur

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38
Q

Respiratory signs, lameness, +/- otitis media neuro signs- agent, dx

A

Mycoplasma bovis- culture with hayflick’s agar

39
Q

How is mycoplasma bovis transmitted

A

Milk

40
Q

Obligate bovine genital tract agent causing abortion

A

Campylobacter fetus venerealis

41
Q

Urine pH goal in DCAD to avoid milk fever

A

6.2-6.8

42
Q

Staggering, paddling cowS on lush pasture- cause

A

Grass tetany from hypomagnesemia

43
Q

4-8w calf with septicemia, tx

A

Salmonella dublin, CULL carriers, vax calves

44
Q

Pale, icteric, Hgb’uric lactating cows- cause, timing

A

Hypophosphatemia (post-parturient hemoglobinuria) in first month of lactation (P <2= hemolysis)

45
Q

What type of ulcer is a bleeding ulcer, tx

A

Type II abomasal: 4-8 L fresh whole blood

46
Q

Right side monotone ping from 9-13th rib

A

Abomasal voluvulus

47
Q

Variable pitch ping on left between 10th-13th

A

LDA

48
Q

Risk factor- LDA

A

Recently fresh - first four weeks

49
Q

Most common site of intuss, tx

A

Ileum; R flank sx

50
Q

Right ping high up from last rib to pelvis, tx

A

Cecal dilatation +/- torsion, R flank sx

51
Q

Cause of frothy bloat, tx

A

Lush legumes, poloxalene orally

52
Q

Hollow boink on left flank between 9-13 to hip

A

vagal indigestion (papple!)

53
Q

Oral ulcers from feed- cause

A

Bristle grass- sertaria lutescens

54
Q

Peak lactation time

A

4-8w post partum

55
Q

Length of lactation

A

305d

56
Q

Dry off period

A

60d

57
Q

Goal somatic cell count in milk

A

<200,000

58
Q

Contagious mastitis agents

A

Strep. agalactiae, staph aureus, mycoplasma bovis

59
Q

Only mastitis org to respond to intramammary infusion tx

A

Strep agalactiae (G+, obligate mammary pathogen- subclinical but can have high SCC)

60
Q

Environmental mastitis agents

A

coliform (e. coli), prototheca, step, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter aeruginosa, arcanobacterium pyogenes, proteus

61
Q

Shipping fever agent, necropsy findings

A

Mannheimia hemolytica, fibrinopurulent pleuropneumonia

62
Q

3-8w calf with Loud cough, cranioventral consolidation with crackles/wheezes/harsh sounds with NO sepsis, depression, decreased appetite

A

Enzootic pneumonia- pasteurella multocida

63
Q

Effect of ruptured peronius tertius

A

Able to extend hock and flex stifle at same time

64
Q

Swollen hot painful udder with serum like secretions with fibrin clumps

A

Coliform mastitis

65
Q

Cause of flying scapula

A

serratus ventralis rupture

66
Q

Agent in mastitis with fibrosis of glandular tissue, tx

A

Mycoplasma bovis, cull

67
Q

Dx/Tx 3w-1yr calf unable to walk, get up, no trauma

A

Spastic paresis- hock cant flex d/t gastroc tension; tibial neurectomy or gastroc tenectomy

68
Q

Non-progressive general rigidity after sensory stimulation- dz, cause

A

Myotonia congenital- Cl channel affected

69
Q

Cause of secondary copper deficiency, tx, dx

A

High molybdenum in sagebrush, alkaline environment, copper 5x molybdenum- liver biopsy

70
Q

Cause of acromotrichia

A

dilute coat d/t tyrosinase dysfunction in copper deficiency

71
Q

Feedlot animal with convulsions, bilateral blindness

A

Vitamin A deficiency

72
Q

Dx cause of white muscle dz

A

selenium deficiency- measure glutathione peroxidase- will be low

73
Q

Zoo form of BSE

A

Cruzfelt Jakob

74
Q

Vector of pinkeye

A

Musca autumnalis- face fly

75
Q

Immunoglobin that predominates in bovine colostrum, refractometer reading indicated FOPT

A

IgG (< 4.5g/dL)

76
Q

Tx clockwise uterine torsion

A

push forwards on vagina and roll cow clockwise

77
Q

White plaques on vagina- dz, agent

A

Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis- herpesvirus

78
Q

Most common endometritis agent

A

arcanobacter pyogenes (less: p. multocida, p. aeruginosa, e. coli) THINK PYO

79
Q

Findings of anthrax-

A

Orificial bleeding, no rigor mortis, dark, unclotting blood

80
Q

BVD- gestational timing of abortion, congenital defects, PI

A

Abortion- 50-100d
Congenital- 100-150d
PI- 40-125d

81
Q

Dx calf diarrhea <6d

A

Sepsis

82
Q

When does calf suckle

A

2-20m

83
Q

When does calf stand

A

1-3 h

84
Q

When does calf nurse

A

1-4h

85
Q

Colostrum requirements

A

4L w/in 2h

86
Q

BVD vax timing

A

pre breed, maternal waning

87
Q

Milk pathogens

A

m. avium psTB, salm, mycoplasma, listeria, campylobacter, m. bovis, e. coli, staph, strep (MMMCLESS)

88
Q

Agent, pathogenesis of mucosal dz

A

BVD PI conversion from NCP to CP type

89
Q

Features of MCF that are NOT found in BVD

A

LN’opathy, corneal edema

90
Q

Features of BPS that are NOT found in BVD

A

No diarrhea

91
Q

Vector- VS

A

black fly (culicoides sonorensis), midges

92
Q

VS lesion locations, other CS

A

mouth/teat/coronary band; mastitis, decreased milk, lameness, abortion

93
Q

VS agent

A

Rhabdovirus (think: tongue is muscle- rhabdo) NJ and Indiana forms

94
Q

Johne’s agent

A

Mycobacterium avium pTB

NAVLE animals (10 decks)

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