Test #2 Flashcards
Ch. 9: What is another term for factitious disorder?
Munchausen syndrome
Ch 9: What is a factitious disorder? How does it manifest? How does it relate to malingering?
Definition: a disorder in which a person feigns or induces physical symptoms, typically for the purpose of assuming the role of a sick person (i.e., they enjoy the role of a sick person)
Malingering - intentionally feigning illness to achieve some external gain, such as time off from work/school
Attributes:
- great medical knowledge
- go to great lengths to be tested, pay lots of money
- generally begins in adulthood
Causes:
- being a nurse or medical aid
- depression
- being tested heavily as a child
- unsupportive parental relationships during childhood
- extreme needs for attention/concern/care
Ch. 9: What is “factitious disorder imposed on another” or “Munchausen syndrome by proxy?”
- when parents or caregivers make up or produce physical illnesses in their children
- symptoms tend to disappear when children are removed from their parents
Ch. 9: What is conversion disorder?
Definition: when people display physical symptoms that affect voluntary motor or sensory functioning, but the symptoms are inconsistent with known medical diseases (e.g., neurological problems but spinal cord is okay)
- typically begins in late childhood/young adulthood
- underlying emotional trauma appearing as physical symptoms (Freud’s psychoanalytic theory)
- mind pushes physical problems forward for attention (modern CBT)
- focus on reward and reinforcement, maintains symptoms
Ch. 9: What is Illness Anxiety Disorder or hypochondria? How does it differ from somatic disorder?
Definition: When one is abnormally concerned with their own health and obsessed with having a severe but undiagnosed medical condition.
- onset at any age (typically in early adulthood, no distinction between men and women)
- frequently switching doctors/counselors
- also referred to as “health anxiety”
- Illness Anxiety Disorder (modern term)
Somatic Disorder: when a person obsesses over a physical symptom (e.g., pain, shortness of breath) to the point where it results in major distress and incapacitation.
Ch. 9: What are psychophysiological disorders?
Definition: a group of physical illnesses that seem to be caused or worsened by an interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors (also known as psychological factors affecting other medical conditions)
Examples:
- ulcers
- asthma
- insomnia
- muscle contraction headache
- migraines
- hypertension (chronic high blood pressure)
- coronary heart disease (blocking of the coronary arteries)
Treatment:
- relaxation therapy
- paying attention to bodily needs
Ch. 10: What is anorexia nervosa?
Definition:
- 2 Types: Bingeing/Purging vs. Restricting
- 70-ish% females
- .6%
Treatment:
- rebalancing nutrition treatment (nutritional rehabilitation)
- CBT; addresses underlying psychological therapy
- family therapy
Ch. 10: What is bulimia anorexia?
Definition: bingeing, compensatory behaviors (e.g., throwing up, laxatives)
- comes from guilt/shame rather than losing weight
- bulimics tend to maintain their regular weight
- 70% women
- 0.1% people
Treatment:
- stopping binge/purge pattern
- addressing underlying psychological issues
- education, psychotherapy (including CBT), antidepressants
Ch. 10: What is binge-eating?
Definition:
- 2.8% people
- 64% of women
- results in being overweight
Ch. 11: What are depressants? What disorders are they related to?
- slows activity of the central nervous system (CNS)
- increases GABA in the brain or relaxation (ex: alcohol, benzos, barbiturates)
- ben and barb lol
- opioid use disorder (meaning an addiction to opioids such as morphine), alcohol use disorder (an addiction to alcohol), sedative hypnotic disorder (an addiction to barbs and benzos)
- .9% alcohol in bloodstream for intoxication
Ch. 11: What are stimulants?
Definition:
- increases dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
- increases activity of the central nervous system (CNS)
- caffeine, amphetamines (meth) nicotine, cocaine
- stimulant use disorder (addiction to cocaine or amphetamines)
- 22% of Americans smoke (59 million people)
Ch. 11: What are hallucinogens?
Definition:
- disturbs the release of serotonin
- psychedelic drug
- MDMA (ecstasy, molly), LSD, ketamine, cannabis
Ch. 11: Why drugs? Substance use disorders from different perspectives.
Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective:
- reduces anxiety/tension (coping)
Biological:
- genetic predisposition
Socio-Cultural:
- different stressors in the environment that make it difficult to cope with
Psychodynamic:
- making up for something you needed in early childhood
- certain personality types that are prone to abuse substances
Ch. 11: Treatments for substance abuse disorders?
- Aversion Therapy (pairing unpleasant stimuli with doing drugs)
- Relapse-Prevention Training (planning ahead and applying coping strategies in situations that can be triggering)
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (accepting thoughts and just thoughts)
- Detoxification (supervised withdrawal)
- Antagonist drugs (block or change the effects of the addictive drug)
- Agonist drugs
Ch. 9: How do the different models explain conversion and somatic symptom disorders?
Psychodynamic:
- converting internal conflicts into “more tolerable” symptoms
- primary gains = ignoring/avoiding internal conflicts
- secondary gain = when symptoms gain concern/kindness from others or an excuse to avoid unpleasantries (e.g., getting out of a break-up)
Cognitive-Behavioral:
- somatic vigilance (some people pay attention to their bodies more than others)
- learned rewards
- forms of self-expression (help people express emotions they might’ve struggled expressing otherwise; communicating in a “physical language”)
Multicultural:
- somatic reactions to distress = an inferior way of dealing with problems (not the case for non-Western cultures)
