Male Reproductive Hormones

Question 1

What are the functions of the testis?

Answer 1

Sperm production
Main site of Testosterone Production after puberty

Question 2

Pathway of sperm

Answer 2

Question 3

What are androgens?

Answer 3

Steroid Hormones producing Masculine Characteristics

E.g. Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Question 4

Where are androgens produced?

Answer 4

Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Testes
Adrenal Gland

The Adrenal Gland is the main site of Androgen synthesis in females

Question 5

Functions of Androgens

Answer 5

Fetal Development
Puberty
Increases Sexual Desire (in Males and Females)
Reduces premature Uterine Contraction during Pregnancy

Question 6

Characteristics of DHT

Answer 6

Short half-life so its effects are local

Question 7

Development
What is the role of DHT in development?

Answer 7

Differentiation of the Penis, Scrotum and Prostate

Question 8

Development
What is the role of Testosterone in development?

Answer 8

Differentiation of the Epididymis, Ductus Deferens and Seminal Vesicles

Question 9

Spermatogensis occurs in …

Answer 9

Sertoli Cells

Question 10

Testosterone production occurs in …

Answer 10

Leydig Cells

Question 11

Puberty
Effects of Androgens on the Skin

Answer 11

Growth of Facial and Body Hair
Increase Sebaceous Gland Activity

Question 12

Puberty
Effects on Musculoskeletal System

Answer 12

Development of Skeletal Muscles
Deepening of voice in larynx

Question 13

Puberty
Effects on Brain

Answer 13

Increased sex drive
Propensity for aggresive behaviour

Question 14

Puberty
Rising Androgens majorly effect the development of ____ and ____

Answer 14

__Male Reproductive System__
__Secondary Male Characteristics__

Question 15

Adulthood
Effects of Androgens during adulthood

Answer 15

Maintain effects from puberty
Loss of hair
RBC Production

Question 16

Adulthood
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) increases …

Answer 16

Pubic and Axillary Hair Growth
Body Odour
Sebaceous Gland Activity

Question 17

Adulthood
Function of Androstenedione

Answer 17

Interpretation of Social Cues
Enhance tendency for Aggressive Behavior

Question 18

Adulthood
Function of Androstenediol

Answer 18

Stimulates Immune System

Question 19

When may androgens be prescribed?

Answer 19

Inducing Male Puberty
Improve Libido
Increase Masculinization
Aid in muscle gain

Question 20

What are the adverse effects of prescribing pharmacologic androgens for men?

Answer 20

Mood Changes
Polycythemia
Kidney, Liver and Heart Disease
Decreased Sperm Count
Infertility
Baldness
Testicular Atrophy
Breast Development
Increased Prostatic Cancer Risk

Question 21

Adverse effects of pharmacologic androgens for women

Answer 21

Body and Facial Hair Development
Male-Pattern Baldness
Menstrual Changes
Deep voice

Synthetic androgens suppress LH reducing endogenous androgen levels

Question 22

Which enzyme converts Testosterone to DHT?

Answer 22

5α-reductase in testes

Question 23

Androgen synthesis pathway

Answer 23

Question 24

Adrenal Androgen effects

Answer 24

Does not cause significant masculine effects before puberty

Question 25

Conditions affecting Adrenal Androgen synthesis

Answer 25

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Question 26

What is Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?

Answer 26

Causes abnormally high Androgen levels leading to Masculinization in Females

Question 27

How is testosterone regulated?

Answer 27

Question 28

How are Androgens transported through the bloodstream?

Answer 28

Bind to plasma-binding proteins

Question 29

Process of Androgen Action

Answer 29