Learning

Question 1

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 1

Dogs: Classical Conditioning

Question 2

Classical Conditioning

Answer 2

Involuntary learned response.
Association between 2 stimuli

Question 3

Equation

Answer 3

NS+UCS = UCR
CS=CR

Question 4

Acquisition

Answer 4

Initial Learning

Question 5

Generalization

Answer 5

Stimuli similar = same response

Question 6

Stimulus Discrimination

Answer 6

Not reacting to similar stimuli

Question 7

Exinction

Answer 7

Los of Association

Question 8

Spontaneous Recvoery

Answer 8

After Extinction - reappearance of conditioned response

Question 9

Higher Order COnditioning

Answer 9

Being conditioned beyond the original stimulus

Question 10

Simultaneous Conditioning

Answer 10

CS and UCS

Question 11

Backward Conditioning

Answer 11

UCS before NS

Question 12

Watson

Answer 12

Little Albert: Association with emotions

Question 13

Rescarla

Answer 13

We are not stupid animals
Mental process affected conditioning

Question 14

Garcia

Answer 14

Taste aversions:
NO longer eating a food after food poisonings
Can happen after 1 time.

Question 15

Law of Effect

Answer 15

Behavior followed by favorable consequence is more likely to be repeated

Question 16

Operant Conditioning

Answer 16

Active (Voluntary) behavior that produces consequences

Question 17

Reinforcement

Answer 17

Increases behavior

Question 18

Positive reinforcement

Answer 18

Response followed by an addition to stimulus
Ex. Getting screen time for good grade

Question 19

Negative reinforcement

Answer 19

Response followed by a removal of stimulus
Ex. Eating healthy to avoid getting sick.

Question 20

Punishment

Answer 20

Decreases Behavior

Question 21

Positive Punishment

Answer 21

Application
Ex. Extra chores

Question 22

Negative Punishment

Answer 22

Removal
Ex. Loss of privileges’

Question 23

B.F Skinner

Answer 23

Operant Conditioning
Punishment doesn’t work
Skinner Box: Operant Chamber
Schedules of Reinforcement

Question 24

Continuous Reinforcement

Answer 24

Rewarded desired behavior every time it happens.

Eventually gets bored.

Question 25

Partial reinforcement

Answer 25

Gets reward part of the time for desired behavior

Question 26

Fixed Ratio

Answer 26

After same amount of responses
Ex. Buy 5 subs get 1 free

Question 27

Fixed Interval

Answer 27

Specified amount of time
Ex. Paid every 2 weeks

Question 28

Variable Ratio

Answer 28

Varying Responses
Ex. Get Free sub after 5,8,10,4,15,18,2 subs.

Question 29

Variable Interval

Answer 29

Varying amount of time
Ex. Get deliveries on 5,8,10,19,21,4,7 of each month

Question 30

Shaping

Answer 30

Rewarding an approximation of a behavior.

Question 31

Behavior modification

Answer 31

Learning principle to establish more adaptive behavior

Question 32

Premack principle

Answer 32

Follow undesired behavior with desired consequence
Ex. If you finish your test you can have free time.

Question 33

Edward Tolman

Answer 33

Coginitive Map
Know how to get places a map

Question 34

Latent Learning

Answer 34

Learning can occur in absence of reinforcement but not demonstrated until reinforcement occurs.

Question 35

Learned Helplessness

Answer 35

Exposure to inescapable behavior and uncontrollable aversive events leads to passive behavior.

Question 36

Instinctive Drift

Answer 36

Going back to instinct after learning

Question 37

Insight Learning

Answer 37

Learning that just happens and can be replicated if successful.