axilla

Question 1

What is the axilla?

Answer 1

Funnels vessels and nerves btw the thorax, neck & upper limb

Question 2

Name the superior borders of the axilla

Answer 2

Clavicle
Superior border of scapula
1st rib

Question 3

Name the inferior borders of the axilla

Answer 3

Axillary skin
fascia of the pectoralis major, lat dorsi/teres major

Question 4

Name the anterior & posterior borders of the axilla

Answer 4

Anterior
Pectoralis major & minor

Posterior
Subscapularis
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi

Question 5

Name the medial & lateral borders of the axilla

Answer 5

Medial
Serratus anterior
*ribs + intercostal muscles

Lateral
Humerus & glenohumeral jt

Question 6

Name the contents of the axilla

Answer 6

Axillary fascial sheath (contains vein,artery,nerve)
Adipose tissue
Biceps brachii (short & long head) & Coracobrachialis
Axillary lymph nodes

Question 7

How is divided the axillary artery?

Answer 7

1) Subclavian artery (under clavicle)
2) Axillary artery (under pectoralis major)
3) Brachial artery (end of pectoralis major to end of teres major)

Question 8

What are the direct branches of the subclavian artery?

Answer 8

Left: aortic arch
Right: brachiocephalic trunk

Question 9

Which posterior intercostal arteries DO NOT branch directly off the thoracic aorta?

Answer 9

First 2 from superior thoracic a.

Question 10

Name the 2 branches of the second part of the axillary artery

Answer 10

Axillary artery
-thoracoacromial trunk
-lateral thoracic a

Question 11

Name the 3 branches of the 3rd part of the axillary artery

Answer 11

Brachial artery
*subscapular a.
-thoracodorsal a
-circumflex scapular a. (travelling posterior)

*A/P humeral circumflex a

Question 12

Name the different scapular anastomoses

Answer 12

-Suprascapular & circumflex scapular
-Dorsal scapular & circumflex scapular
-Dorsal scapular and thoracodorsal

Question 13

What structures allows the upper back & shoulder to have multiple sources of arterial blood?

Answer 13

Anastomoses

Question 14

Name the 2 main superficial veins

Answer 14

Cephalic (thumb side)
Basilic

Question 15

Name the superficial that curve at the top of the hand

Answer 15

DVA
*dorsal venous arch

Question 16

What is a common anatomical variation in venous drainage?

Answer 16

BASILIC v. joining paired BRACHIAL v. to form AXILLARY v.
*the cephalic v. drain into the axillary v through clavipectoral fascia

Question 17

What does the deep brachial vein join to form the axillary vein?

Answer 17

Basilic vein

Question 18

What are the roles of the lymphatic system?

Answer 18

Removal of excess interstitial fluids
Transports WBC
Imp role in immune system

Question 19

Name the structures that bring back lymph to the thoracic cage

Answer 19

Axillary lymph nodes

Question 20

What is the typical pattern of drainage from the axillary lymph nodes?

Answer 20

Pyramid:
Supraclavicular Nodes
A (apical)
C (central)
H(humeral) S(subscapular) P(pectoral)

Question 21

Name the structures that converge to make the venous angle & what do they drain?

Answer 21

Internal jugular (drain the blood from the head)
Subclavian artery (drains blood from the upper limb)

Question 22

Name the structures that converge to form the brachiocephalic vein

Answer 22

Internal jugular & subclavian v

Question 23

Name the structures that converge to form the superior vena cava

Answer 23

R & L brachiocephalic v

Question 24

What does the lateral thoracic artery supply?

Answer 24

Serratus anterior

Question 25

What does the superior thoracic artery supply?

Answer 25

Subclavius
Pectoralis
Serratus anterior

Question 26

What does the subscapular artery supply?

Answer 26

Subscapularis

Question 27

What does the thoracodorsal artery supply?

Answer 27

Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

Question 28

What does the circumflex scapular artery supply?

Answer 28

Infraspinatus
teres minor

Question 29

What 2 arteries usually come from the thyrocervical trunk?

Answer 29

Dorsal scapular a. (sometimes comes directly of subclavian)
Suprascular a.

Question 30

Which artery sometimes comes from directly from the subclavian artery and sometime comes from the thyrocervical a?

Answer 30

Dorsal scapular a.

Question 31

What is the clinical significance of the median cubital vein?

Answer 31

Venipuncture

Question 32

What are the deep veins of the upper limb?

Answer 32

Paired brachial veins