SAPONIFIABLE AND NONSAPONIFIABLE LIPIDS

Question 1

A ________________ is a hydrolysis reaction that is carried out in basic solution.

Answer 1

saponification reaction

Question 2

A _______________ is a lipid that undergoes hydrolysis in basic solution to yield two or more smaller product
molecules. As a result of hydrolysis, this is broken up into smaller component parts.

Answer 2

saponifiable lipid

Question 3

A ______________ does not undergo hydrolysis in basic solution. Such lipids cannot be broken up into smaller
component parts using hydrolysis.

Answer 3

nonsaponifiable lipid

Question 4

There are five types of saponifiable lipids:

Answer 4

triacylglycerols
glycerophospholipids
sphingophospholipids
sphingoglycolipids
waxes

Question 5

What determines whether or not a lipid is saponifiable?

Answer 5

the types of linkages (bonds)

Question 5

Three types of linkages, all of which
have been previously considered, can be
hydrolyzed (broken) by reaction with water.

Answer 5

(1) ester linkages
(2) amide linkages
(3) glycosidic linkages

Question 6

The linkage “makeup” for the five kinds of saponifiable
lipids is as follows:

Answer 6

1. Triacylglycerols—three ester linkages
2. Glycerophospholipids—four ester linkages
3. Sphingophospholipids—one amide and two ester linkages
4. Sphingoglycolipids—one amide, one ester, and one glycosidic linkage
5. Biological waxes—one ester linkage

Question 6

Four types of nonsaponifiable lipids:

Answer 6

cholesterol,
bile acids,
steroid hormones,
and eicosanoids

Question 7

These nonsaponifiable lipids have two things in common:

Answer 7

(1) only one building block is present
(2) there is no need for ester, amide, or glycosidic linkages to be present to link building blocks together
since there is only one building block

Question 8

Cholesterol, bile acids, and steroid hormones
have structures containing the four-ring
_________ as a platform.

Answer 8

steroid nucleus