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BOTANY > UNIT 1 > Flashcards

UNIT 1 Flashcards

1
Q
  • the LARGEST SEED IN THE WORLD

produces 50 to 100 fruits each year

A

Coconut palm tree

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2
Q

can extract oil

A

Copra or dried coconut meat

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3
Q

used to thatch a roof or to weave baskets/hats

A

Leaves of the coconut tree

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4
Q

The scientific study of plants

A

plant biology or botany

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5
Q

study the structures and functions of important biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids.

A

PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

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6
Q

study of the chemical interactions within plants, including the variety of
chemicals that plants produce.

A

PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY

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7
Q

– encompasses the structures, functions, and life processes of plant cells

A

PLANT CELL BIOLOGY

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8
Q

is microscopic plant structures (cells and tissues).

A

PLANT ANATOMY

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9
Q

– refers to the structures of plant parts such as leaves, roots, and stems, including their evolution and development.

A

PLANT MORPHOLOGY

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10
Q

– study such processes as photosynthesis and mineral nutrition to understand how plants function

A

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

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11
Q
A
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12
Q
  • is the study of the interrelationships among plants and between plants and their environment
A

PLANT ECOLOGY

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12
Q

specialty on plant heredity and variation

A

PLANT GENETICS

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13
Q

encompasses the evolutionary relationships among different plant groups

A

PLANT SYSTEMATICS

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14
Q

a subdiscipline of systematics, deals with the description, naming and
classification of plants.

A

PLANT TAXONOMY

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15
Q
  • is the study of the biology and the evolution of plants in the geologic past
A

PALEOBOTANY

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16
Q

study of mosses and similar plants.

A

BRYOLOGY

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17
Q

field crops and soils

A

AGRONOMY

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18
Q

ornamental plants and fruit and vegetable crops

A

HORTICULTURE

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19
Q

forest conservation and forest products such as lumber

A

FORESTRY

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20
Q

plants with commercial importance

A

ECONOMIC BOTANY

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21
Q

CHARACTERICTICS OF PLANTS

A
  • Plants are highly organized
  • Plants take in and use energy
  • Plants respond to stimuli
  • Plants grow and develop
  • Plants reproduce
  • Plant DNA transmits information from one generation to the next
  • Plant population undergo genetic changes over time
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22
Q

which is microscopic, is the smallest unit that can perform all the activities associated with life.

A

Cells

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23
Q

is the smallest particle of an element that possesses the properties of that element.

A

Atom

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24
Q

combine chemically by forming bonds to produce molecules

A

Atoms

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25
Q

may be organized into macromolecules

A

Molecules

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26
Q

large biological molecules such as proteins
and nucleic acids

A

macromolecules

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27
Q

Macromolecules associate with one another to form compartments called

A

organelles within
cells

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28
Q

associations of cells that
perform specific functions

A

tissues

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29
Q

functional units that perform specific roles

A

organs

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30
Q

groups of members of the same species that live together in the same area at the same time

A

POPULATIONS

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31
Q

consists of all the populations of different organisms that live and interact within an area

A

Community

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32
Q

is a more inclusive term than community, is a community together with its nonliving environment.

A

Ecosystem

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33
Q

All of Earth’s ecosystem are collectively called

A

BIOSPHERE

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34
Q

radiant energy from the environment is converted to chemical energy that
is stored in molecules such as the sugar glucose.

A

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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35
Q

the biological process that includes the capture of light energy and its
transformation into chemical energy of organic molecules that are manufactured from carbon
dioxide and water.

A

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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36
Q

The chemical energy that plants store in food molecules is released within the cells of plants, animals and other organisms through

A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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37
Q

food molecules such as glucose are broken down, usually in the presence of oxygen

A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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38
Q

ALL organisms, plants included, obtain energy

A

via cellular respiration

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39
Q

changes in their environment

A

stimuli

40
Q

is an increase in the size and mass of an organism

A

Growth

41
Q

is a part of development, which includes all the changes in a plant or other organism from the start of its life through its immature (juvenile) stage, through its mature (adult) stage, to its death.

A

Growth

42
Q

the formation of a new individual by sexual or asexual means, is the most
distinctive characteristic of life.

A

Reproduction

43
Q

enables an organism to perpetuate its traits beyond an individual’s own death

A

Reproduction

44
Q

does not involve the union of gametes (reproductive cells)

One parent gives rise to offspring that are virtually identical to it.

A

Asexual

45
Q

in plants involves the union of gametes that may or may not come from two separate individuals.

A

Sexual reproduction

46
Q

an egg cell and a sperm cell

A

gametes

47
Q

The gametes unite to form a ________, which develops into
the new offspring.

A

zygote

48
Q

The characteristics of an organism are encoded in its _____, which are the units of hereditary
information

A

genes

49
Q

Genes are composed of ________, the organic molecule that stores and
carries important genetic information in cells.

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

50
Q

a nucleic acid present in a cell’s chromosomes that contains
genetic information.

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

51
Q

are characteristics that enable the organism to better survive in a certain environment.

may involve changes in structure, form, or function

A

Adaptations

52
Q

the process by which organisms adapt to their environment over time, is the genetic change in a population of organism from generation to generation

A

Evolution

53
Q

first suggested a plausible mechanism, natural selection, to
explain evolution

They brought together many findings in Geology and Biology

A

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace

54
Q

The mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin; the tendency of organisms that have favorable adaptations to their environment to survive and become the parents of the next generation

A

NATURAL SELECTION

55
Q

a broad taxonomic category made up of related phyla; many biologists currently recognize six kingdoms of living organisms

A

KINGDOM

56
Q

Two broad groups:

A

PLANT and ANIMAL kingdom

57
Q

Single-celled organisms that lack nuclei, were originally considered
plants

A

Bacteria

58
Q

single-celled organisms that lack nuclei and other membrane-bounded organelles, are now
divided into two groups on the basis of significant biochemical differences.

A

Prokaryotes

59
Q

are organisms whose cells have a nucleus and other organelles enclosed by a plasma membrane

A

Eukaryotes

60
Q

are internal structures responsible for a variety of functions, such as
energy production and protein synthesis.

A

Organelles

61
Q

Determines which group and organism belongs to

A

Cellular Structure

62
Q

A taxonomic category that includes one or more kingdom

A level of classification above the kingdom and is based on fundamental differences among organisms

A

DOMAIN

63
Q

Six- kingdom system of Classification:

A
  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
  • Protista
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia
64
Q
  • a waxy covering over their outer parts that reduces water loss
A

Cuticle

65
Q

tiny openings in leaves and stems for gas exchange

A
  • Stomata
66
Q
  • reproductive organs that protect gametes
A

Multicellular gametangia

67
Q

Broadest classification category help in naming our plants

A

Domain

68
Q

Is a group of similar organisms that interbreed in their natural environment but do not interbreed with other species.

narrowest

A

SPECIES

69
Q

A group of organisms with similar structural and functional characteristics that in nature breed
only with one another and have a close common ancestry.

A

Hierarchy

70
Q

Similar species are assigned to the same

A

genus (pl. genera)

71
Q

similar genera are grouped in the same

A

Family

72
Q

Plants and fungi were traditionally classified into ________ rather than phyla

A

divisions

73
Q

Each species is named using what?

A

Binomial system

74
Q

a Swedish botanist, simplified the naming of organisms

A

Carolus Linnaeus

75
Q

In Linnaeus’s system, called the ____________, each species receives a twopart name.

A

binomial system of nomenclature

76
Q

is the process of objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation.

A

scientific method

77
Q

The basic process involves

A

making an observation, forming a hypothesis, making a prediction,
conducting an experiment and finally analyzing the results.

78
Q

The information collected by scientists is called

A

data

79
Q

: An educated guess (based on previous observations) that may be true and is testable by observation and experimentation

A

HYPOTHESIS

80
Q

This group remains unchanged or is exposed to a standard or normal condition. It helps scientists understand what would happen without the intervention or variable being tested.

A

Control Group

81
Q

This group is exposed to the variable or intervention being studied. Any
observed effects or differences between the experimental group and the control group are attributed to this variable

A
  • Experimental Group
82
Q

Discovery of general concepts by the careful examination of specific cases is called

is the basis of modern experimental science

produces new knowledge but is error-prone, specific to general

A

INDUCTIVE
REASONING

83
Q

which proceeds from generalities to specifics.

adds nothing new to knowledge, but it can make relationships among
data more apparent

A

DEDUCTIVE REASONING

84
Q

involves making generalizations based on specific observations or evidence

A

INDUCTIVE REASONING

85
Q

starts with a general statement or hypothesis and examines the
possibilities to reach a specific, logical conclusion.

A

DEDUCTIVE REASONING

86
Q

is an integrated explanation of numerous hypotheses, each supported by a large body of observations and experiments.

explain scientific laws

A widely accepted explanation that is supported by a large body of observations and experiments

A

theory

87
Q

Such a reaction of plants to Earth’s gravitational pull is known as ____________, that is,
growing in response to gravity

A

GRAVITROPISM

88
Q

An act creating the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) and
alternative health care in the Philippines, providing for a traditional and alternative health care
development fund and for other purposes.

A

REPUBLIC ACT 8423

TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE ACT OF 1997 or TAMA

89
Q
  • A diuretic that helps in the excretion of urinary stones.
  • It can also be used as an Anti-edema
A

Sambong (Blumea balsamifera)

Blumea camphora

90
Q

This herbal medicine is used to treat ringworms and skin fungal infections.

A

Akapulko (Cassia alata)

‘bayabas-bayabasan´ and ringworm bush´

91
Q

It is effective in the elimination of intestinal worms, particularly the Ascaris and Trichina. Only
the dried matured seeds are medicinal -crack and ingest the dried seeds two hours after eating
(5 to 7 seeds for children & 8 to 10 seeds for adults).
* If one dose does not eliminate the worms, wait a week before repeating the dose.

A

Niyog-niyogan (Quisqualis indica L.)

‘Chinese honey suckle´

92
Q

Prepared like tea, this herbal medicine is effective in treating intestinal motility and also used as
a mouth wash since the leaves of this shrub has high fluoride content.

A

Tsaang Gubat (Ehretia microphylla Lam.)

93
Q

it most known as a treatment of diabetes (diabetes mellitus), for the non-insulin dependent patients

A

Ampalaya (Momordica charantia)

‘bitter gourd´ or ‘bitter melon´

94
Q

Its main use is for the relief of coughs and asthma

A

Lagundi ( Vitex negundo)

‘5-leaved chaste tree´

95
Q

it is effective in fighting arthritis and gout. The leaves can be eaten fresh (about a cupful) as salad or like tea.

A

Ulasimang Bato (Peperomia pellucida)

‘pansit-pansitan´

96
Q

it mainly reduces cholesterol in the blood and hence, helps control
blood pressure

A

Bawang (Allium sativum)

‘garlic´

97
Q

It is primarily used as an antiseptic, to disinfect wounds. Also, it can be used as a mouth wash to treat tooth decay and gum infection.

A

Bayabas (Psidium guajava)

‘guava´

98
Q

this vine is used as an analgesic to relive body aches and pain. It can be
taken internally as a decoction or externally by pounding the leaves and applied directly on the afflicted
area.

A

Yerba Buena (Clinopodium douglasii)

Peppermint

BOTANY (4 decks)

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